关键词：风能;海上钻探;风;蝙蝠的相互作用;能源
摘 要：The current scope of scientific knowledge regarding the presence and behavior of bats offshore is restricted by a variety of physical and logistical constraints. These constraints are largely associated with the general inability to directly observe activities of nocturnal species that occur over large expanses of open water; our current limited understanding of individual species distributions and movements over land; and a general lack of existing scientific inquiry on the subject to date. At the same time, certain bat activity patterns and incidences of mortality at terrestrial wind facilities are comparatively better understood. Concerns over population-wide impacts to bats associated with commercial wind facility mortality, habitat loss, and, in particular, the continued spread of White-Nose Syndrome have in the meantime prompted the US Fish and Wildlife Service to consider expanding the current list of federally protected bat species. Similarly, interest to increase our collective understanding of bat activities in offshore regions is expanding among federal and state resource agencies as efforts intensify to develop offshore energy sources. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) manages the exploration and development of the nation's offshore resources and is responsible for authorizing renewable energy activities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). On the Atlantic, BOEMs jurisdiction on the OCS generally begins 3 nautical miles (nm) off the coast and extends at least 200 nm from the coast. In an effort to enhance the current knowledge base, BOEM requested Stantec develop a baseline record of bats occurring in the offshore environment. Existing opportunities to obtain and quantitatively analyze comparative data from sites on the OCS was restricted to a single site (a buoy) on the OCS. Consequently, the analyses presented are based on available data sets and in accordance with inland, coastal, and offshore as defined in this report. We anticipate a future analysis of activity within BOEM jurisdiction on the OCS will become available in the near term as additional shipboard and buoy data references become available.