We estimate the population at 207.7mn in 2016, the fifth largest in the world. Population growth is average for the Americas region at 0.8% per annum. Brazil has a relatively young population; around 8.2% of the population was aged 65 years or more in 2016, equal to 17.0mn people, although this segment is growing at a rate of 3.4% per annum. There are 2.7mn births and 1.3mn deaths each year, with an infant mortality rate estimated at 13.1 per thousand live births in 2016. Life expectancy is 71.5 years for men and 78.9 years for women. The fertility rate has fallen to 1.7, below the population replacement level. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics now anticipates that Brazil will begin the phenomenon of population reduction by 2030, a whole decade earlier than previously forecast. Conversely, the elderly population will continue to grow with the number of people aged 65 and over set to more than treble by 2050.

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