关键词：电池；化学反应；传感器
摘 要：The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the principles of electrochemical transduction in biosensors. After a brief introduction, the different types of biosensor will be described in turn, with emphasis on recent advances in their conceptualization and application. A chemical sensor is generally defined as a device that transforms chemical information into an analytically useful signal. A biosensor is defined as a device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles, or whole cells to detect chemical compounds, usually by electrical, thermal, or optical signals.