A stool test can reveal the presence of blood or other gastrointestinal abnormalities such as colon or gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or infections. Microscopic inspection and chemical, immunologic, and microbiologic testing are all part of the stool analysis process. Leukocytes, lipids, sugars (reducing substances), pancreatic enzymes, alpha-1 antitrypsin, calprotectin, occult blood, and infectious causes (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) can all be detected in stool samples.