关键词：大气；一氧化碳泄露；室内空气健康
摘 要：The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and others are concerned about the hazard of acute residential carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from portable gasoline powered generators that can result in death or serious adverse health effects in exposed individuals. CPSC databases contain records of 755 deaths from CO poisoning associated with consumer use of generators in the period of 1999 through 2011, with nearly three-quarters of those occurring between 2005 and 2011. The majority of these incidents occur during power outages, or when a generator is used to provide power to a structure that is not wired for electrical power. Typically, these deaths occur when consumers use a generator in an enclosed or partially enclosed space or outdoors near an open door, window or vent. While avoiding the operation of such generators in or near a home is expected to reduce indoor CO exposures significantly, it may not be realistic to expect such usage to be eliminated completely. Another means of reducing these exposures would be to decrease the amount of CO emitted from these devices. In order to support life-safety based analyses of potential CO emission limits, a computer simulation study was conducted to evaluate indoor CO exposures as a function of generator source location and CO emission rate. These simulations employed the multizone airflow and contaminant transport model CONTAM, which was applied to a collection of 87 single-family, detached dwellings that are representative of the U.S. housing stock for that housing type. A total of almost one hundred thousand individual 24-hour simulations were conducted. This report presents the simulation results in terms of the maximum levels of carboxyhemoglobin that would be experienced by occupants in the occupied portions of the dwellings as a function of CO emission rate for different indoor source locations.