关键词：复合材料；电；储能；有机材料;；光伏电池
摘 要：Abundant for most of the year in most parts of the world, solar energy is the ultimate renewable zero-emission energy source. Combined with improved means of energy storage, it has the potential to supply a quickly increasing fraction of our energy needs. However, its widespread use for electricity generation requires a significant further decrease in cost, which will be difficult to meet with conventional crystalline silicon technology. Allowing for the use of inexpensive, high-speed, large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have a significant chance of quickly becoming an essential factor in electricity generation1, but additional improvements in performance and life-time are needed before large-scale implementation. OPV devices, also called polymer-solar cells (PSC) or polymer-fullerene composite solar cells, are lightweight and can be flexible, opening the possibility for a range of new applications including largearea pliable devices. While power-conversion efficiencies of up to 7.9% have been reported at a laboratory scale, practical maximum efficiencies between 20 and 25% appear to be reasonable. Nanoscale morphology has been identified as an important factor in the optimization of OPV. In addition to tuning the optical and electronic properties of the materials used for light harvesting, carrier generation, transport, and collection, control of the nanoscale morphology of the active layer can alone provide a clear path to power conversion efficiencies of >10%. Tandem devices can certainly dramatically improve overall efficiencies but taking into account their complexity, additional gains can and must be made in single-layer devices.