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MPACT应用的自偏置高效率固态中子探测器的发展
Development of a Self-Biased High Efficiency Solid-State Neutron Detector for MPACT Applications, Final Report, Performance Period: Jun 14, 2010to June 30, 2013
Neutron detection is an important aspect of Materials Protection, Accounting and Control for Transmutation (MPACT). Currently He-3 filled thermal neutron detectors are utilized in many applications; these detectors require high voltage bias for operation, which complicates the system when multiple detectors are used. In addition, due to recent increase in homeland security activity and the nuclear renaissance, there is a shortage in He-3 supply and these detectors become more expensive. Instead, cheap solid-state detectors that can be massively produced like any other computer chips were developed during this project. The new detector does not require a bias for operation, has low gamma sensitivity and fast response. The detection system is based on a honeycomb-like silicon device, which is filled with B-10 as the neutron converter; while a silicon p-n diode (i.e., solar cell type device) formed on the thin silicon wall of the honeycomb structure detects the energetic charged particles emitted from the B-10 conversion layer. The simulated detector efficiency for thermal neutrons (0.0253 eV) of optimized structure detectors was 45%. The fabricated detectors had a measured efficiency of 28% for thermal neutrons (0.0253 eV) lower than the design simulation. The reason for this discrepancy was attributed to a non-optimal structure of the fabricated detectors. Detectors size of 8 cm2 was demonstrated using a single preamplifier and without degradation in the efficiency. This large size is essential for the construction of low-cost large area detection systems. A neutron coincidence detector was constructed using 8 detectors each with area of 4 cm2 and associated electronics.