Irrigation, usually known as watering, is the agricultural practice of employing controlled measures of water to the land to aid in the growth of crops, plants, turf, and others, as well as to produce landscaping plants and lawns. Rain-fed agriculture is the agriculture that does not utilize irrigation and instead relies solely on direct rainfall. Water, whether from rainfed sources or piped irrigation, is a critical component in agriculture globally. With almost 700 billion cubic meters (m3) of agricultural water consumed per year in 2010, India was the world's greatest agricultural water consumer. India's agricultural water usage has increased rapidly, nearly tripling between 1975 and 2010, as the country's population and total food demand increased. China is the world's second-largest user, with 385 billion m3 usage in 2015, even though its agricultural freshwater demand has recently plateaued. These two countries are thus followed by the U.S., Brazil, and France.

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