关键词：分配问题；不完善匹配；最低成本匹配；不平衡的二分图；重量缩放算法
摘 要：Call a bipartite graph G=(X,Y;E) balanced when |X|=|Y| Given a balanced bipartite graph G with edge costs, the assignment problem asks for a perfect matching in G of minimum total cost. The Hungarian Method can solve assignment problems in time space O(m) and time O(mn + n^2 log n), where n :=|X|=|Y| and m :=|E|. If the edge weights are integers bounded in magnitude by C > 1, then algorithms using weight scaling, such as that of Gabow and Tarjan, can lower the time to O(m sqrt(n) log(nC)).There are important applications in which G is unbalanced, with not equal to and we require a min-cost matching in G of size r := min(|X|, |Y|) or, more generally, of some specified size s <= r. The Hungarian Method extends easily to find such a matching in time O(ms + s^2 log r), but weight-scaling algorithms do not extend so easily. We introduce new machinery that allows us to find such a matching in time O(m sqrt(s) log(sC)) via weight scaling. Our results provide some insight into the design space of efficient weight-scaling matching algorithms.These ideas are presented in greater depth in HPL-2012-40R1.