关键词：急诊；急救医疗服务；药物；医药
摘 要：An estimated 50 to 70 million Americans suffer from chronic sleep disorders, which can affect performance on daily tasks and lead to negative health consequences. Zolpidem is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for short-term treatment of insomnia and is the active ingredient in the drugs Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, and Zolpimist. Historically, the FDA has recommended that the dose of most drugs containing zolpidem should be reduced by half when prescribed for the elderly. Despite this recommendation, studies have shown that older populations are often being prescribed the higher dose, which may increase adverse reactions. In a January 2013 safety announcement, the FDA took further steps by requiring drug manufacturers to lower the recommended doses of medications containing zolpidem by half for females; similar action was recommended, although not required, for males.