关键词：太阳能;；风电；发电机；环境影响
摘 要：Given BOEMs authority under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct), and the various considerations under the OCS Lands Act and NEPA, BOEM needs to garner a better understanding of the potential impacts to the environment from the development of offshore renewable energy projects, and to identify specific mitigation measures that can be taken to reduce or avoid such impacts. The ESS Project Team, comprised of ESS Group, Inc. (ESS), GL Garrad Hassan America Inc. (GL GH), Curry and Kerlinger LLC (C&K), and Mote Marine Laboratory (MML), was selected to conduct a review of regulations and lighting schemes currently in use and evaluate how proposed lighting schemes for offshore wind facilities may impact local environments and offshore waters as a desktop study, literature review and synthesis. The study was conducted in three parts: 1. a literature review of scientific studies, journals and grey literature of the potential direct and indirect impacts of various lighting schemes to birds, bats, marine mammals, sea turtles and fish was conducted; 2. a compilation of current international and domestic guidelines, rules and regulations for obstruction and navigation lights for offshore wind facilities was conducted, and project specific information was gathered from operational offshore wind facilities throughout the world describing various lighting schemes currently in use; and 3. using information from the literature review and project specific lighting schemes, measures to mitigate impacts to wildlife and coastal communities were identified and evaluated.