关键词：肾功能;急性肾损伤(AKI);慢性肾脏疾病(CKD);血液透析(HD)
摘 要：The function of the kidney system is to remove waste products of human metabolism and to eliminate extra fluids. When end-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs, renal replacement therapy (RRT) - dialysis, transplantation - is required. There are two types of dialysis treatment: extracorporeal blood purification (mainly hemodialysis) and intracorpo-real blood purification (peritoneal dialysis). All patients with ESRD should be considered for kidney transplantation. Patients without absolute contraindications should be placed on the transplant waiting list, and receive a kidney, if possible. Patients should be educated about each procedure of RRT.