关键词：芯片计数器；能量和功率测量；线性代数
摘 要：Despite the move toward chip multiprocessing in the mid-2000s, the problem of machine energy consumption is still a prevalent and growing problem within the computing sector. To evaluate energy consumption at the application level,new microprocessor designs have now exposed a handful of hardware counters that are able to measure energy directly, avoiding many limitations of previous techniques.