关键词：电子信息；半导体；调节器
摘 要：The chapter starts with a comparison of methods to generate digital optical signals: direct laser modulation, electroabsorption and Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators. Next follows an in-depth treatment of physical effects which are utilized for semiconductor-based modulators (Plasma, Franz-Keldysh, quantum-confined Stark, and electro-optic (Pockels) effect), and their exploitation for InP-and GaAs-based modulators with specific emphasis on aspects of high-speed modulator design. Modulator characteristics including eye diagrams obtained for different implementations and various operation conditions illustrate the current state-of-the-art, and the chapter concludes with a section on modulators for higher order modulation formats.