关键词：电子信息；计算机；显微镜；麦克斯韦
摘 要：Optical imaging systems have traditionally been analyzed using well-established approximations such as ray-based geometrical optics (Born & Wolf, 1999) and scalar Fourier theory (Goodman, 1996). However, there has recently been increased interest in applying the rigorous framework of Maxwell's-equations-based electromagnetic theory and numerical modeling to the analysis of optical imaging systems. The availability of more powerful computer hardware and more efficient computational algorithms has obviously contributed to this interest. Although the basic principles of light scattering encoded in Maxwell's equations had been around for decades, the widespread application of these principles to the complete modeling of an optical imaging system had to wait until the 1990s, at which time the personal computers were getting powerful enough to process megabytes of data in their memory.