关键词：银纳米线；生物医学；纳米芽
摘 要：This chapter introduces an improved solid-state ionics method combined with vacuum thermal evaporation to synthesize silver nanowire, nanobud and nanoparticle structures. Surface enhancement effects in the silver nanostructures are studied, and provide a reliable approach towards the trace analysis of biomacromolecules. First, we introduce the solid-state ionics method for synthesizing silver nanostructures, and discuss morphological changes resulting from different growth currents. Second, we discuss surface plasmon polaritons excited on the silver nanowires. Third, we detect the surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal of low concentrations of Rhodamine 6G on silver nanostructure substrates. This demonstrates that the rough silver nanostructure surface provides a significant surface enhancement. Fourth, the effects of natural oxidation on the surface enhancement of the silver nanostructures are studied. The effect of oxidation on the silver nanostructure substrates, such as their thickness, surface roughness and particles size, is discussed. Oxidation strongly affects the surface enhancement of the silver nanostructures. Finally, the nanostructures are applied in the surface-enhanced detection of λ-DNA. The Raman signal of a single λ-DNA molecule is detected, as a result of the surface enhancement by the silver nanostructured substrate. The enhanced fluorescent signal of λ-DNA is detected at more than 10 μm from the substrate surface. The rough silver nanostructures exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and provide a new approach for biomedical research.