关键词：微电子设备；纳米；磁设备；信息处理；半导体晶体管
摘 要：Increasing demand for information processing in the last 50 years has been largely satis ed by the steadily declining price and improving performance of microelectronic devices. Much of this progress has been made by aggressively scaling the size of semiconductor transistors and metal interconnects that microprocessors are built from. As devices shrink to the size regime in which quantum e ects pose signicant challenges, new physics may be required in order to continue historical scaling trends. A variety of new devices and physics are currently under investigation throughout the scienti c and engineering community to meet these challenges.