Widespread commercialization of fuel cells has been hindered by economic problems associated with the extensive use of platinum. In order to overcome such difficulties, researchers have so far developed anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which do not need expensive platinum catalysts in the electrodes. Our recent focus has been the preparation of new hydroxide (OH)-conducting membranes for applications to "hydrazine-fueled" AEMFCs by the γ-ray pre-irradiation grafting method. Generally, carbon dioxide (CO_2) is dissolved in the AEM, thereby resulting in the transformation from the OH to bicarbonate (HCO_3) ions. We investigated here the effect of CO_2 in the air on the exchange between OH and HCO_3 ions in the AEM.

关键词：燃料电池；电解质材料；化学反应

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关键词：碱性阴离子交换膜；阴离子交换；燃料电池系统

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Hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gases, as well as to offer a financial benefit to the driver. However, assessing these potential benefits is complicated by several factors, including the driving habits of the operator. We focus on driver aggression, i.e., the level of acceleration and velocity characteristic of travel, to (1) assess its variation within large, real-world drive datasets, (2) quantify its effect on both vehicle efficiency and economics for multiple vehicle types, (3) compare these results to those of standard drive cycles commonly used in the industry, and (4) create a representative drive cycle for future analyses where standard drive cycles are lacking.

关键词：蓄电池；混合动力电动汽车；交通安全

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The aim of the project has been the analysis and development of a spinodal decomposition technology to enhance the heat transfer efficiency in microdevices. Poesio et al. (2007) had shown that the cooling (down to a given temperature) of a closed cell filled with a liquid-liquid mixture undergoing spinodal decomposition can be achieved ten-times faster compared to the case of a cell filled with a single-phase fluid. This effect can be explained as the result of (spinodal-decomposition induced) convective motion: the free energy released during spinodal decomposition acts as a driving force for the phase separation, leading to the spontaneous formation of single-phase domains which then proceed to grow and coalesce; this convective motion enhances the transport of internal energy and results in an appreciable heat transfer enhancement. Based on the proof-of-concept fundamental experiments in Poesio et al. (2006), Poesio et al. (2007), Poesio et al. (2009), and Farise et al. (2012), this technology was awaiting use in a configuration more relevant from the applications point of view, such as in a flowing system. The ultimate goal has been the design of a proof-of-concept micro/mini heat exchanger based on liquid-liquid spinodal decomposition. The project lasted for three years with the first year sponsored by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, AOARD (Grant FA2386-10-1-4146). Continued with the European office, EOARD (Grant FA8655-11-1-3068), and completed in 2013. The work has accomplished two main objectives: (1) demonstrated and analyzed heat transfer in small-scale heat exchangers; and (2) conducted numerical modeling as a precursor to a design tool. Since the currently available modeling tools require years of computational time to complete the simulation of a practical- sized device, this effort only started developing a novel theoretical modeling approach that eventually will lead to the design of efficient heat exchangers.

关键词：调幅分解；国外；换热器；传热

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Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) for fuel system integrity set limits for fuel spillage during and after crashes to reduce the occurrence of deaths and injuries from fire. FMVSS 301 and 303 respectively specify post-crash limits for liquid fuels and compressed natural gas (CNG). These limits have been used as a benchmark for setting leakage limits for hydrogen, based on energy equivalence, in industry standards and proposed or enacted international regulations. However the properties of hydrogen with regard to leak behavior and combustion are very different from those of liquid fuels or CNG. Gasoline will pool and dissipate slowly. CNG and hydrogen will rise and dissipate more rapidly. Hydrogen has a much wider range of flammability in air than most fuels, including CNG: 4% to 75% for hydrogen versus 5% to 15% for CNG. Therefore, a research program was developed and executed to assess the safety of the proposed allowable leak rate for hydrogen, through leak and ignition experiments in and around vehicles and vehicle compartment simulators.

关键词：代用燃料；燃烧；死亡；消防安全；可燃性

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This paper presents results of a comparative study of a micro-combined heat and power (CHP) unit with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fed by two different fuels.For current analysis biogas and dimethyl ether (DME) were selected.Detailed model of the micro-CHP system with net power output of 3 kWel was created,based on an advanced model of the SOFC.In both power units,steam reforming was employed in order to generate hydrogen-rich gas.Reforming temperatures of 900℃ and 350℃ were selected for biogas and DME,respectively.Both systems were based on the same reference solid oxide fuel cells.Similar plant outlines was employed,with small changes to accommodate different reformer operating temperatures.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池；微型热电联产；造型

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The project is devoted to study of the new materials that are characterized with high value of the superconducting transition temperature (potentially up to room temperature). Nanoclusters with shell structure of the electron spectrum have been studied. Prospective objects are magic clusters, clusters with half filled upper zone, some flat molecules and two-dimensional quantum dots. We have studied the possibility of building such nano-based networks transferring a high value of dissipation-free current. The sours of energy dissipation are thermal and quantum fluctuations. The methods of modern quantum field theory were employed. Simultaneously, we searched the solutions of the nonlinear equations of the type of time-dependent Ginzburg- Landau equation and generalized Ginzburg-Landau functional. Main goal was to study the development of singularities of different kinds in such solutions at the finite time and investigation of new class of possible ground states in strong magnetic field, corresponding to Abrikosov lattices with several flux quantum in elementary cell. Results have been published or submitted to journals listed herein, with summaries included.

关键词：集群；临界电流；电子碰撞谱；高温

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The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a Saflex S Series solar control PVB (polyvinyl butyral) windshield on conventional vehicle fuel economy and electric vehicle (EV) range.

关键词：太阳能电池；乙烯聚合物；玻璃；电动汽车

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Numerical simulation capabilities to perform flowfield analysis and sensitivity analysis of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been developed. A three-dimensional, implicit, multi-species fuel cell solver is modified to analyze cell geometries supplied by NexTech Materials (NexTech). Four different NexTech cell configurations of varying complexities have been analyzed in this study. A capability to perform thermo-mechanical analysis of NexTech cells is developed by coupling the fuel cell code with the structures code. The capability was initially developed for a simplified cell that also included sensitivity analysis of thermo-mechanical variables. Sensitivity derivatives are computed using the direct differentiation method in the fuel cell and structures codes.

关键词：燃料电池；氧化物；平面结构

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The sintered body of tubular cathode for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell(DEFC) is prepared by the gelcasting process using a certain proportion of graphite powder and mesocarbon microbead(MCMB).The electrical performance under different air flow rates,operating temperature,porosity of cathode diffusion layer,inlet pressure and different thickness of catalyst layer are analyzed by the combination of experimental and numerical simulation method.The results show that the increase of diffusion layer porosity,inlet pressure,thickness of catalyst layer and operating temperature are benefit for the improvement of the cell performance.Moreover,the electrical performance is improved when the air flow rate is 1 O0 mL/min.

关键词：直接乙醇燃料电池；管状阴极；电气性能

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