This paper explores the computation and communication overlap capabilities enabled by the new CORE-Direct hardware capabilities introduced in the InfiniBand (IB) Host Channel Adapter (HCA) ConnectX-2.

关键词：计算；计算机通讯；算法；障碍；计算机硬件

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Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be described as smart systems that encompass computational (i.e., hardware and software) and physical components, seamlessly integrated and closely interacting to sense the changing state of the real world. These systems involve a high degree of complexity at numerous spatial and temporal scales and highly networked communications integrating computational and physical components. CPS are enabling a new generation of smart systems and the economic impacts could be enormous. The disruptive technologies emerging from combining the cyber and physical worlds could provide an innovation engine for a broad range of U.S. industries, creating entirely new markets and platforms for growth. New products and services will bring the creation and retention of U.S. jobs. The nation will also benefit through greater energy and national security, enhanced U.S. competitiveness, and improved quality of life for citizens.

关键词：计算机；通信网络；技术创新；企业；竞争力

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Cloud computing presents an opportunity for pervasive systems to leverage computational and storage resources to accomplish tasks that would not normally be possible on such resource-constrained devices. Cloud computing can enable hardware designers to build lighter systems that last longer and are more mobile. Despite the advantages cloud computing offers to the designers of pervasive systems, there are some limitations of leveraging cloud computing that must be addressed. We take the position that cloud-based pervasive system must be secured holistically and discuss ways this might be accomplished. In this paper, we discuss a pervasive system utilizing cloud computing resources and issues that must be addressed in such a system. In this system, the users mobile device cannot always have network access to leverage resources from the cloud, so it must make intelligent decisions about what data should be stored locally and what processes should be run locally. As a result of these decisions, the user becomes vulnerable to attacks while interfacing with the pervasive system.

关键词：计算机安全；攻击；计算机硬件；计算机网络；计算机程序

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No abstract available.

关键词：计算机体系结构；简报图表；面向服务架构

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An upgrade from dual-core to quad-core AMD processor on the Cray XT system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Leadership Computing Facility (LCF) has resulted in significant changes in the hardware and software stack, including a deeper memory hierarchy, SIMD instructions and a multi-core aware MPI library. In this paper, we evaluate impact of a subset of these key changes on large-scale scientific applications. We will provide insights into application tuning and optimization process and report on how different strategies yield varying rates of successes and failures across different application domains. For instance, we demonstrate that the vectorization instructions (SSE) provide a performance boost of as much as 50% on fusion and combustion applications. Moreover, we reveal how the resource contentions could limit the achievable performance and provide insights into how application could exploit Petascale XT5 systems hierarchical parallelism.

关键词：计算机体系结构；计算机软件；优化

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Modern aircraft increasingly rely on electric power for subsystems that have traditionally run on mechanical power. The complexity and safety- criticality of aircraft electric power systems have therefore increased, rendering the design of these systems more challenging. This work is motivated by the potential that correct-by-construction reactive controller synthesis tools may have in increasing the effectiveness of the electric power system design cycle. In particular, we have built an experimental hardware platform that captures some key elements of aircraft electric power systems within a simplified setting. We intend to use this platform for validating the applicability of theoretical advances in correct-by-construction control synthesis and for studying implementation-related challenges. We demonstrate a simple design work ow from formal specifications to auto-generated code that can run on software models and be used in hardware implementation. We show some preliminary results with different control architectures on the developed hardware testbed.

关键词：飞机；电力；试验床；电路；规范

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Reliability is crucial to safety. Redundancy of important system components greatly enhances reliability and hence safety. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are useful for monitoring systems and handling the logic necessary to keep them running with minimal interruption when individual components fail. A complete microcontroller watchdog with logic for failure handling can be implemented in a hardware description language (HDL.). HDL-based designs are vendor-independent and can be used on many FPGAs with low overhead.

关键词：现场可编程门阵列；硬件描述语言；冗余；逻辑编程

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A fundamental problem in computing is that processors cannot access memory fast enough to stay fully utilized. Architecture features like cache, prefetching, out-of-order execution, and multiprocessing only benefit software with temporal or spatial locality, or instruction-level or task-level parallelism. Software that relies on fine-grained access to data with structural locality, such as pointer-based data structures, derives little benefit from these features. The importance of these data structures motivates a new approach to improve memory performance. A hardware data structure (HWDS) implements a data structure with operations that leverage parallelism and structural locality to reduce data structure access times, but only supports an exclusive data structure small enough to fit the capacity of the HWDS. This thesis proposes operating system (OS) support for HWDSs so that applications can use and share a HWDS even when its capacity is less than the data structure's size.

关键词：计算机体系结构；Hwds（硬件数据结构）；操作系统

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A Forward Operating Base (FOB) is designed to support combat operations in an austere environment, which often lacks pre-existing infrastructure. On-site diesel generators are the primary source of FOB electricity. Traditionally, each generator is connected to its own set of loads and operates independently from other generators. The benefits of transitioning from traditional generator employment to an alternative architecture using an Energy Management System (EMS) were investigated in this thesis. The EMS provides an interface between power sources, loads, and energy storage elements to form a microgrid. Using power electronics and programmable logic, the EMS provides capabilities such as power source selection, power metering, flow control, and peak power management. These capabilities enable more efficient generator utilization by matching real-time load demand to the smallest capable power source, reducing overall fuel consumption. The EMS offers redundancy as it can connect any one of multiple power sources to critical loads. A hardware- based laboratory experiment demonstrated the ability to transition from one power source to another while providing uninterrupted current to the load. The results of the experiment validate a Simulink model of the EMS. An example load profile was applied to the model to compare overall fuel consumption between the traditional architecture and the EMS-enabled microgrid.

关键词：柴油燃料；发电机；能源管理

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The objective of this project was the development of secure execution environments for applications that use third party software components developed by a variety of vendors, and restrict how code shares the application memory space, and provide isolation within the application space. A hardware-software approach was taken to provide fine grained memory access protection by placing each software component or package in a hardware wrapper which enforces limits on the resources accessed by these software packages, and thus helps detect an attack and enables recovery from an attack. Current computing platforms were augmented with hardware that enforces limits on resources accessed by the software packages these hardware wrappers constrain the damage that can be done by a malicious software package and maintain a stable system through recovery mechanisms. Extensive experiments, which revealed modest performance overhead, conducted on a full system simulation infrastructure demonstrated that fine grained memory protection using the concept of wrappers is both practical and effective.

关键词：体系结构；计算机安全；存储设备

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