Chromatography systems are used for the purification of biochemical, environmental, and other chemical entities using the principle of separation chemistry. The major entities which are regularly separated are metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates, and salts. Chromatography systems are routinely used in pharmaceutical companies and academic institutes for commercial production of biopharmaceuticals and analysis of various molecules. Owing to the increased demand for biopharmaceuticals, the chromatography systems are automated and integrated as a unit in small to large laboratories and large commercial companies. As a result, chromatography systems have become an important accessory tool for various research and commercial purposes.

关键词：色谱系统；生物化学；纯化；化学原理化学实体；制药公司；学术机构

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Japan is a potential market for the manufacture of commercial aircraft parts and MRO services. Currently, there is no company in Japan that completely manufactures commercial aircraft. Thus, the country relies on the import of commercial aircraft from other regions such as North America and Europe. However, there are some vendors in Japan that manufacture commercial aircraft parts for Airbus SAS, The Boeing Co., Bombardier Inc., and Embraer SA. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. is one such player in the country; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is in the process of manufacturing MRJ, which is expected to be launched in the market in the coming few years.

关键词：商用飞机零部件；服务制造；日本；生产商用车；飞机零部件

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Crystal oscillators are electronic circuits that generate electrical signals with precise frequencies. To generate these electrical signals, they make use of a vibrating crystal made of piezoelectric material. The frequency generated is used to keep constant track of time and provide a timely clock signal for electronic integrated circuits. This frequency is also used to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. Crystal oscillators find their application in a large number of devices such as cell phones (smartphones and feature phones), tablet computers, wristwatches,clocks, FM radios, medical electronic equipment, automotive systems (tyre pressure monitoring systems and anti-braking systems), and personal computers.

关键词：晶体振荡器；电子电路；电信号；精确频率；电子集成电路

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A cold chain is a type of supply chain management that involves the storage and transportation of temperature-sensitive goods. Thermal and refrigerated packaging methods are used to help with the transportation and storage of temperature-sensitive goods; extensive logistics planning ensures the integrity of these goods.

关键词：冷链；储存；运输；供应链管理；温度敏感；热；冷藏；包装方法

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Halogen lamps are the most popular and widely used form of automotive lighting. These lamps are made of non-metal chemicals that are highly reactive and poisonous. They have a tungsten filament and a glass filament that is filled with halogen gas. Halogen lamps are primarily used in automobiles as the light emitted by these lamps is extremely bright, which improves the visibility for automobile drivers. They also have a much longer life than regular lamps, are cost-effective, and are easily available in the market. Halogen lamps have been adopted across all geographies, and hence automobile manufacturers have been using halogen lamps in automobiles for more than a decade.

关键词：卤素灯；汽车照明；高度反应性；有毒非金属；化学物质；灯丝；卤素气体

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Biofuels are produced from biomass and waste materials. There are different forms of biofuel, namely fuel pellets (solid), bioethanol and biodiesel (liquid), and biogas (gaseous). Fermentation is the most widely used method for producing biofuel; however, other methods are also used to produce biofuel. Algae biofuels are made by using algae as a feedstock. The various algae biofuel technologies are: cultivation technologies, harvesting technologies, extraction technologies, and algae biofuel production facilities.

关键词：藻类；生物燃料；生物质；废物；燃料芯块；生物乙醇；生物柴油

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Grid-connected photovoltaic installations grew by 40in 2009 compared with installations in 2008. California and New Jersey have the largest markets. Growth occurred in the residential and utility markets, but non-residential customer-sited installations did not change compared with the installations in 2008. Two small solar thermal electric plants were connected to the grid in 2009 with a combined capacity of 7 MW. The future prospects for solar thermal electric plants look bright, although developers are not expected to complete any new large plants until at least 2011. Solar water heating and solar space heating annual installations grew by 40in 2008 compared with 2007. Hawaii, California, Puerto Rico, and Florida dominate this market. Solar pool heating annual installation capacity fell by 1in 2008 following a dramatic decline of 15in solar pool heating capacity in 2007 compared with 2006. Florida and California are the largest markets for solar pool heating. The economic decline in the real estate markets in Florida and California likely led to the decrease in pool installations and thus the dramatic decline in capacity installed of solar pool systems in 2007.

关键词：太阳能；发电厂；热水器；光伏电源

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关键词：洁净室；消耗品；消除污染；半导体；制药；医疗器械

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关键词：生物标志物；医学成像；指标度量；诊断工具；疾病；病因

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Labels are primarily printed pieces of paper, film, polymer, or other materials affixed to a product, or imprinted on the package or the body of a product, which contains important information about the product and the company. There are different types of labels available in the market that has different features, such as pressure-sensitive, in-mold, and heat-shrink labels. Often the terms "packaging" and "labeling" are used together as each package contains a label, or is always labeled. Hence, numerous manufacturers in this market are also engaged in the production of packaging products to meet increasing consumer needs. Digital labels are currently gaining popularity in many retail outlets. The numerous new products launched by vendors are attracting players to adapt technologically advanced label products, which is positively influencing the growth of the market.

关键词：标签；产品；公司信息；功能；生产包装产品；消费需求；数字标签

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