One of the largest markets in the Middle East & Africa (MEA) region, similar in size to the UAE. • Market size is supported by a large population and Africa's most industrialised economy. Owing to the size of the population, per capita spending is low. • Spending on medical devices as a proportion of wealth is below average for the MEA region. Other medical devices accounts for around 40% of the total market. Underdeveloped market offers considerable potential for growth but currently constrained by funding issues, poor infrastructure and staff shortages. National Health Insurance programme in the early stages of implementation, but question marks remain on funding and delivery of key targets. Limited medical device production, therefore market largely dependent on imports.

Despite being a key oil and gas transit country, Slovakia has very limited domestic oil and natural gas resources and remains a small consumer of gas for power generation when compared to its larger Western neighbours. This is unlikely to change in the short term, with the outlook for oil and gas power generation very weak. The power infrastructure project pipeline remains dominated by nuclear power at present, with few other investments on the horizon.

Eighth largest market in the CEE region. Per capita spending is the fifth highest in the region. Market will record high single-digit CAGR. Consumables and orthopaedics & prosthetics have the largest market shares. The market is heavily reliant on imports in most sectors, as local manufacturing capacity is more geared to exports. Longstanding local production of dental apparatus. Comprehensive public health insurance system introduced in 1993. Relatively underdeveloped private sector.

The Saudi petrochemicals industry had 18.2mn tonnes per annum (tpa) of ethylene capacity and 7.0mn tpa of propylene capacity in 2017, providing feedstock for polymer derivatives such as polyethylene (12.22mn tpa), polypropylene (5.7mn tpa), polystyrene (375,000tpa) and polyvinyl chloride (405,000tpa). Saudi Arabia is, therefore, the world's third largest petrochemicals producer after China and the US.

Second smallest market in the CEE region. Per capita spending is well below the CEE average. Market will record moderate single-digit CAGR in local currency terms. Consumables and other medical devices have the largest market shares. Most requirements need to be imported; the US and Germany are major partners. Weak and undercapitalised domestic production sector. Relatively strong hospital sector, although the need for modernisation is great. • EU negotiations began in December 2015; 12 chapters have been opened to date.

The Supreme Council for Petroleum and Mineral Resources has been absorbed within the Council of Economic Development, which is headed by the Deputy Crown Prince, Mohamed bin Salman. The national oil company, Saudi Aramco, has been separated from the Ministry of Petroleum & Mineral Resources. Saudi Aramco is under the supervision of the Supreme Council of the Saudi Aramco Oil Company (SCSA). The SCSA is formed of 10 members: five from the board of Aramco and five others. The SCSA is chaired by the Deputy Crown Prince Mohamed bin Salman.

Although South Africa's wider food industry is comfortably Africa's most advanced, the market remains some way behind most developed states when it comes to organics. Food production is a major manufacturing sector, accounting for about 15% of overall domestic production. The sector is highly competitive, with more than 1,800 food production companies. However, 10 large players dominate the industry, accounting for 68% of total turnover.

Oil wealth has facilitated development of sophisticated healthcare system. The largest medical device market in the Middle East and Africa region. Market size reduced and market forecast revised upwards in December 2017. Reliant on imports, primarily from the US and Western Europe. Other medical devices and consumables have large market shares. improving regulations, which are approaching standards seen in developed states. Limited direct presence of multinational companies.

Saudi Arabia's construction industry remains largely dominated by domestic firms, many of which have close ties to the government and are often first in line for major public contracts. Foreign firms are gradually gaining market shares, with South Korean and US firms targeting industrial projects while several major European firms are involved in transport and energy projects. The broad range of projects in the pipeline does mean opportunities are present for domestic and international firms, although the latter will be presented with challenges in the form of a restrictive operating environment.

Largest medical device market in the Central & Eastern Europe (CEE) region. Per capita spending is low for the CEE region.Market will record moderate growth in US dollar terms. Other medical devices and diagnostic imaging have the largest market shares. The government has increased the number of medical devices subject to import restrictions, which could negatively impact the sales of foreign manufacturers. Import shares may fall by 2020, in accordance with the Ministry of Industry and Trade's import substitution plan, which aims to reduce the import shares of 111 groups of medical devices. The greatest opportunities exist around the major cities of Moscow and St Petersburg, where most companies are based and per capita incomes are well above the national average.