In 2017, Chile was the world’s leading copper mine producer with a 27.2% share in global output, the second-biggest molybdenum mine producer with 20.4%, and the sixth-largest producer of silver, with 5.3%. The country also ranked first in the production of iodine with a 64.5% global share, second in lithium compounds with 32.8%, and eighth in potassium compounds with 2.8%. Mining is the thirdlargest economic sector in Chile, accounting for 10.1% of the country’s GDP, 2.6% of formal employment and 55.4% of national exports. Since late 2016, an upward trend in the prices of iron, molybdenum, coal, copper and lithium, has propelled a recovery of domestic mining production and exports, and led to the resumption of several investment projects. Mining exports rose by a robust 24.7% y/y in 2017, while the sector’s trade surplus widened to USD 36.9bn.

Argentina is among the top 20 pharmaceutical markets globally, ranking third in Latin America, with estimated drug retail sales of USD 6.1bn in 2017. The country also features a large and ageing population, a relatively developed public health system, and a small but consolidated private health insurance system on the back of a strong middle class. Despite its well diversified production base and solid demand fundamentals deriving from Argentina’s changing disease and epidemiological profiles, the country’s pharmaceutical industry is becoming less and less able to compete with foreign producers, largely thanks to stubbornly high inflation and rising production costs. This has resulted in a growing reliance on imported drugs and in chronic trade deficits in pharmaceuticals, which reached USD 1.6bn in 2017.

Across our forecast period to 2027, we forecast new vehicle sales to show average annual growth of 6.2%. This will make for total annual new vehicle sales of just under 225,000 units by 2027. We expect stronger growth rates from PV sales (average annual growth of 6.7%) than CV sales (average annual growth of 4.4%), as incomes rise and more Ecuadorean consumers are able to afford a new car.

Egypt is among the top-five largest medical device markets in the MENA region. Per capita medical device spending is below the regional average. The medical device market will record a high 2017-2022 CAGR in US dollar terms. Egypt has a large diagnostic imaging segment considering its overall market size. The medical device market is largely reliant on imports. • Local production is limited to basic consumables and other medical devices. There is a growing presence of medical device multinationals through joint ventures with local partners or through sales offices. Private health expenditure accounts for about 60% of health expenditure. There is a growing trend towards privatisation due to a declining public healthcare sector.

Multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare companies will find Egypt an attractive, yet challenging investment destination. Increasing political will in Egypt to develop the pharmaceutical and healthcare sector are a bright spot at a time when currency issues and an uncertain economic future threaten drugmakers' revenue-earning capabilities. Over the long term, private investments will drive health expenditure in Egypt and lead to an improvement in the delivery of specialised healthcare services in hospitals.

According to Egypt's Export Council for Food Industries, food exports during H1 2018 totalled USD1.44bn, led by frozen vegetables (USD191mn), soft drinks (USD187mn) and cheese (USD139m). Arab countries accounted for the largest share of the exports of Egyptian food industries by 52%, worth USD753mn, followed by the EU with 15% of total exports (USD213mn). The Egyptian parliament approved a draft law in April 2018 to regulate the country's large informal food vending sector. The draft law aims to comprehensively legalise mobile food carts by granting operating licenses from administrative authorities. Egypt is the fourth-largest halal food market globally, behind Indonesia, Turkey, and Pakistan.

The rising need of autonomy by the law enforcement agencies, commercial industries, scientific research organizations, and naval forces has driven the demand for autonomous ships and ocean surface robots. These vehicles are capable of carrying out maritime applications without the need for onboard human operator. In addition, the growing maritime challenges increase the demand for the autonomous ships and ocean surface robots to perform operations including environmental monitoring, seabed mapping, anti-submarine warfare, and underwater mine-hunting, among others. Moreover, these systems also help in detecting and tracking maritime threats in order to protect the nation from marine attacks. This chapter of the report provides an in-depth understanding of the direction in which the market is heading and takes into account several factors such as market drivers, challenges, and opportunities.

Collaborative robots have opened up a new dimension of automation across multiple industries. Most importantly, the technology is gaining traction among established as well as new players because of its mobility and low cost. Unlike heavy industrial robots, collaborative robots share workspace with humans, augmenting their capabilities and capacities. The technology proves to be a boon to the small and medium enterprises as it helps them to scale up easily with less man power.

Aconjugate vaccineis created by attaching covalently, a poorantigen (most commonly, a polysaccharide)to a strongantigen,thereby eliciting a stronger immunological response to the poor antigen. However, peptide/protein and protein/protein conjugates have also been developed. It is a vaccine containing bacterial capsular polysaccharide, joined to a protein to enhance immunogenicity and protect against invasive diseases.

Revenue from the global connected passenger cars market is expected to reach USD 69.3 Bn by 2022. The major leading players are Tesla, Waymo, Bosch, etc. The global automotive industry is witnessing significant changes because of new innovative solutions adopted by vehicle manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).