Hand sanitizers are chemicals, used mostly as a substitute for soap and water, primarily for disinfecting hands, thereby, preventing the spread of various infections and diseases. Cleaning hands and maintaining hand hygiene has been an important step toward keeping end-users safe from various germs and bacteria which are prevalent and easily transferrable in many ways. Over the years, end-users’ awareness toward the spread of germs and infections has risen across the globe. It has led to a sharp increase in the implementation of hand hygiene precautionary measures among end-users worldwide.

Changes in technology transform the customer's experience and human interactions. As customers are increasingly relying on smartphones and the convenience of information available to them through a large number of websites, their needs along with their expectations have altered. People much connected to their smart devices compared to any being. Thus, there is always a sense fear of phone becoming dead or drying up of the battery. In addition, carrying of the wired charger and always looking for a charging point is also very cumbersome and embarrassing at the time. According to a famous phrase.” Necessity is the mother of invention”, wireless technology was developed. Though the technology is very old but has become very popular in the last decade.

The global next generation refrigerant market is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period (2018-2023). Refrigerants are a major product used for the proper functioning of various applications, such as air conditioning systems, refrigeration, and heat pumps, which are a necessity for consumers. The next generation refrigerants are defined as the refrigerants that do not affect the environment negatively and have minimal or zero ODP and GWP. According to American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) code, R-717, R-744, R-600a, R-1270, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze, among others, are considered next generation refrigerants.

Many telecom operators around the world have maintained their core businesses while exploring other opportunities either through geographic expansion or exploring new technologies, applications or service offerings. These changing business models were first adopted by many of the telecoms operators out of necessity - whether because of dwindling revenues; saturated markets; rising competition from OTT players or due to a need to keep pace with the staggering amount of change occurring in our ICT sector. Some of these new ventures have been more successful than others. For example, we see that some of the large telecoms operators have been withdrawing from operating their own data centres in recent years due to the high costs and time required to run them. There has been mixed success with e-health initiatives as well. The telecoms operators need to remember their core business is supplying infrastructure and there are still many opportunities available in this regard.

The construction sector is one of the pillars of China’s economy, receiving strong support from the central government. The competitive landscape of the sector has not changed much in recent years. The largest players are domestic companies, which are showing a stable performance and are expected to strengthen their market positions further. Domestic construction predominates, even though enterprises are expanding overseas to enhance competitiveness and exploring new markets.

The tourism and leisure sector encompasses a range of subsectors: travel accommodation, F&B establishments, medical tourism, entertainment services etc. Medical tourism is an important subsector, given the country’s popularity among international medical tourists. Market concentration is dependent on the subsector and product category, but most are generally competitive and segmented with a large number of players targeting different customer and price segments. On the other hand, there are a few large private hospital groups in medical tourism, which mainly target high-end patients. The Thai government is promoting quality tourism and tourism in secondary provinces, which should benefit players across all subsectors, including smaller players in the secondary provinces.

Russia’s mining industry is dominated by a few domestic players that control almost all of the minerals mining activity in the country. Russia’s regulatory environment restricts foreign miners from entering the industry which further contributes to the high concentration in the sector. The nickel and diamond subsectors have near-monopolistic structures, with one producer accounting for more than 90% of the total production. Competition is likely to remain low in the Russian mining industry over the next few years, given the government’s restrictive policy towards foreign players. Subsectors that are considered more competitive are coal and gold production. There are 150,00 miners in the coal industry, with the top six players controlling 60% of total production. The leading gold producing company controls slightly over 20% of the market.

The Europe waste to energy market is associated with the major companies providing technology and waste to energy conversion facilities. This varied range of market participants provide opportunities to other players willing to bear the high risks involved in the industry. This chapter details the latest strategies and technological developments adopted by the key market players in the Europe waste to energy market. In order to lead the market as well as engage in the process of market growth, a company needs to work in collaboration with the top market leaders, acquire the relatively weaker companies, bring new products and services to the market, and improve the existing products. Some of the key strategies adopted by the key market players are listed below

The Serbian pharmaceutical market is mid-sized in relation to the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region; larger than Slovenia yet smaller than Croatia and Kazakhstan. In terms of the country's pharmaceutical expenditure per capita, at just USD153, Serbia is grouped with countries such as Russia and Turkey, considerably below the regional average, highlighting the country's chronic under-spending on pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical sales in 2017 were worth RSD116bn (USD1.08bn), equating to 2.6% of GDP and 29.3% of total health expenditure. Serbia's pharmaceutical market is dominated by prescription drug sales (88% of total sales in 2017), of which generic medicines dominate (62% of total sales). Patented drugs accounted for 26% of total sales in 2017. OTC medicines, at 12% of total sales, are the smallest segment of the market. Serbia's Republic Health Insurance Fund (RFZO) provides full and partial reimbursement to insured citizens for pharmaceuticals placed on its positive Reimbursement List. Currently, the reimbursement list consists primarily of generic drugs and the market segmentation reflects this.