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162891.健康危害评估报告:HETA-2012-0164-3174,2013年4月。生物站的七鳃鳗农药污染
[农、林、牧、渔业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
The HHE Program evaluated surface contamination from spills of sea lamprey pesticides that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s at a biological station. HHE Program investigators took samples of carpet that were thought to have been contaminated with pesticide and took wipe samples from surfaces. Yellow stains were seen on carpet, walls, and unsealed concrete floors. The carpet had been installed over unsealed concrete. Pesticide was found on the carpet and wipe samples from areas that were visibly stained. HHE Program investigators recommended that the stained carpet be removed and that the concrete slab floor be cleaned and sealed prior to the installation of new flooring. Walls that had visible stains should be cleaned, sealed, and repainted. Investigators also measured temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide and checked the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system in the offices and laboratory. Room air flowed from the offices into the workshop which helped keep potentially contaminated air from entering the office space. The exhaust fan in the laboratory solvent storage room was not always turned on which allowed air to flow into the nearby laboratory. This fan should be run continuously to reduce the amount of solvent vapors that can enter nearby work areas. Investigators recommended that the employer stop sampling soil and concrete that may have been contaminated during past spills. Employees were encouraged to wash their hands with soap and water after handling pesticides and avoid touching surfaces that are visibly stained. Employees should not go into offices while wearing clothes, shoes, or materials that may have pesticides on them. Investigators also recommended that the employer notify all employees about plans to renovate the building and follow up with employees after projects are completed to ensure that these activities have eliminated visible pesticide contamination on carpet, floors, and walls.
关键词：农药污染；健康危害；公共卫生；污染；生物站
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162892.环境污染物项目On-Refuge调查的子活动:在威拉米特河流域国家野生动物保护区使用农药对水生生物的影响的综合评估
[水利、环境和公共设施管理业,农、林、牧、渔业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
The primary habitat management objective for the three refuges of the Willamette Valley NWR Complex is to provide high quality forage for wintering Canada geese. To accomplish this, much of the land within the refuge is managed for grass production involving applications of herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Other agrochemicals such as insecticides are applied to agricultural land outside the refuge. Some agrochemicals used in the area have the potential to enter aquatic habitats of the refuge and could impact species such as amphibians, turtles, or the federally-listed Oregon chub. The objective of this investigation was to sample both biotic and abiotic matrices and use a weight-of-evidence approach to determine if agrochemicals used on or around the refuge pose a risk to aquatic species. This investigation included seven components: 1) evaluation of pesticide use practices; 2) collection of continual water quality measurements; 3) water sampling; 4) in-situ bioassay; 5) analysis of blood plasma from carp and turtles for endocrine-disrupting compound exposure; 6) fish health assessment; and 7) fish tissue analysis for organochlorine pesticides. The components of the study were used as individual lines of evidence to evaluate risk of agrochemicals to aquatic organisms on the refuge. Multiple lines of evidence create more confidence in making decisions suitable for refuge management because the approach considers all the information gathered from the investigation. By framing the assessment with this weight-of-evidence approach, risk to the receptors of concern and organizational levels is more clearly evident and the information can be used in carrying out the Fish and Wildlife Service mission to protect and conserve natural resources.
关键词：农药；农用化学品；杀虫剂
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162893.二级职业农药接触对儿童的生长发育及神经行为发育的影响(即二次农药接触对婴儿，儿童和青少年的影响(ESPINA)研究)
[卫生和社会工作,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
Children of agricultural workers are at risk of pesticide contamination through secondary routes (e.g. take-home pathway). Animal and human studies suggest that pesticide intoxication in early childhood delays growth and neurodevelopment.
关键词：农药；儿童
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162894.农药环境管理项目。会员手册
[化学原料和化学制品制造业,水利、环境和公共设施管理业] [2013-11-28]
PESP is a voluntary program that fosters partnerships with pesticide users, educators, and related organizations who engage in reducing potential health and environmental risks associated with pests and pesticide use and in implementing pollution prevention strategies. PESP members are organized into one of four groups (according to pesticide use where people Live, Work, Play, and Farm) and progress through three tiered steps (Bronze, Silver, and Gold) to achieve the maximum benefit in the program. PESP members distinguish themselves as stewardship leaders in their respective fields of business and practice.
关键词：农药；环境风险；健康风险；害虫防治；污染防治
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162895.美国本土州每年的农业杀虫剂的使用估计,1992-2009。
[农、林、牧、渔业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
A method was developed to calculate annual county-level pesticide use for selected herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to agricultural crops grown in the conterminous United States from 1992 through 2009. Pesticide-use data compiled by proprietary surveys of farm operations located within Crop Reporting Districts were used in conjunction with annual harvested-crop acreage reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) to calculate use rates per harvested-crop acre, or an estimated pesticide use (EPest) rate, for each crop by year. Pesticide-use data were not available for all Crop Reporting Districts and years. When data were unavailable for a Crop Reporting District in a particular year, EPest extrapolated rates were calculated from adjoining or nearby Crop Reporting Districts to ensure that pesticide use was estimated for all counties that reported harvested-crop acreage. EPest rates were applied to county harvested-crop acreage differently to obtain EPest-low and EPest-high estimates of pesticide-use for counties and states, with the exception of use estimates for California, which were taken from annual Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Reports.
关键词：农药；环境影响；除草剂；杀虫剂；杀菌剂；农作物
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162896.美国地质调查局在萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲地区地区的水和沉积物的农药浓度数据的编辑:1990-2010。
[化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
What follows is a summary of publicly available USGS data for pesticide concentrations in surface water and sediments within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region from the years 1990 through 2010. Data were retrieved though the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database, a publicly available online-data repository (U.S. Geological Survey, 1998), and from published USGS reports.
关键词：农药；地质调查；水文数据
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162897.美国的地表水和地下水的有机磷农药的存在和分布,1992-97
[化学原料和化学制品制造业,农、林、牧、渔业] [2013-11-28]
The USGS is investigating the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in water resources of the Nation as part of the NAWQA Program and NASQAN. The two programs differ somewhat in their scope, objectives, and implementation plans (Gilliom and others, 1995; Hooper and others, 1997).
关键词：农药；地表水；地下水；水质；水污染
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162898.威尔士湖岭(佛罗里达州中部的一个独特的水文和生物区）地下水、湖泊中的高硝酸盐、农药和农药降解产物
[水利、环境和公共设施管理业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
The landscape, hydrology, and ecology of Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida, are unique in many respects. The Ridge is the highest and most prominent topographic feature in peninsular Florida and contains one of the largest collections of rare and endangered species in the United States (Dobson and others, 1997), one of the highest concentrations of endemic species in North America (Martin, 1998), and more than 200 lakes, most of which are seepage lakes with significant ground-water inflow. Lake Wales Ridge (subsequently referred to as the Ridge) is also one of the most intensely cultivated citrus regions in the world, with citrus groves covering about 25 percent (170 square miles) of the land area. Geologically, the Ridge is underlain by highly permeable marine sands forming relict Miocene-Holocene paleoislands which support some of the oldest ecologic communities in Florida. Ground water and surface water are closely linked in this region where ground-water inflow contributes more than 80 percent of the net water input to some lakes (Sacks and others, 1998). Ground water is the primary drinking-water supply in this region. The unconfined surficial aquifer supplies drinking water for some rural wells, and recharges water to the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer which is the primary municipal water supply.
关键词：农药；硝酸盐；水质污染；湖泊；地下水
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162899.加州监测和预防与工作有关的哮喘和职业的农药疾病
[卫生和社会工作,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2013-11-28]
The Occupational Health Branch (OHB) of the California Department of Public Health aimed to characterize and prevent work-related asthma (WRA) and occupational pesticide illness (OPI) in California by developing a program of surveillance and intervention over a 5 year period. This was accomplished through a comprehensive program funded by a cooperative agreement from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The WRA and OPI program sought to describe and monitor trends using surveillance, to conduct both case-based and targeted worksite investigations in high risk occupations, to develop and provide prevention recommendations, to further develop collaborations that enhanced program impact, and to evaluate the program to ensure effectiveness . Key findings and accomplishments include: (1) A comprehensive surveillance system which identified over 3,100 cases of WRA and 2,700 cases of OPI statewide in 5 years. (2) An evaluation of reporting sources determined that multiple data sources are valuable and lead to improved surveillance. (3) Surveillance and follow-up data collection efforts generated important findings for prevention, including identifying high risk occupations, industries, and exposures. They also documented important information on disability and the impact of WRA and OPI on workers. (4) The overall rate of WRA and over 10 years was 2.3 per 100,000 employed in California. Particularly high rates of WRA were seen among local transit, lumber and wood product manufacturing, electric, gas and sanitary services, heavy construction, health services and social services industries. The highest rates of OPI were seen among nursery workers, pest control operators, and farm workers. Over the duration of the project, OPI and WRA staff conducted nearly 50 work site investigations. These investigations identified several common problems critical for prevention: effective and widely available control measures or alternatives are not installed or used correctly: exposures below regulatory limits (when they exist) may result in pesticide illness and asthma; inadequate training is common; and inadequate communication and regulation lead to unhealthful exposures in workplaces statewide. (5) Many interventions were accomplished, including policy and regulatory recommendations; the development of educational materials with a wide distribution among employers, public health professionals, trade groups, and workers; worker trainings; and the addition of prevention and exposure information into vocational training curricula.
关键词：农药；哮喘；职业疾病
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162900.温哥华湖的多氯联苯、二恶英和氯化农药的来源
[化学原料和化学制品制造业,水利、环境和公共设施管理业] [2013-11-28]
Sources of PCBs, dioxin, and chlorinated pesticides to Vancouver Lake were investigated during the winter, spring, and fall of 2010 from Burnt Bridge Creek, the Flushing Channel, and two Lake River sites.
关键词：农药；水污染
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