According to CDC data, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States--particularly Blacks/African-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos--have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, representing 72 percent of new HIV infections and 74 percent of all AIDS diagnoses in 2011. In addition to core funding programs through CDC and HRSA that are intended to provide services to all qualifying individuals affected by HIV/AIDS, MAI seeks to improve HIV-related health outcomes and reduce health disparities for minority communities through the provision of grant funds. MAI grants are distributed to a variety of entities. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009 required GAO to (1) examine the services provided, population served, and administrative challenges faced by MAI grantees, and (2) describe the best practices identified by grantees and other stakeholders for community outreach and capacity building. GAO conducted a review of services reported in fiscal year 2011 MAI grantee annual reports from a generalizable sample of 100 grantees, and interviewed agency officials and other stakeholders. GAO also reviewed grant administrative requirements, and data on MAI grant amounts and populations served.

关键词：医药；人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）；获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）；行政程序；

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By the third quarter of 2012, the United States had deployed more than 2.1 gigawatts (GWac1) of utility-scale solar generation capacity, with 4.6 GWac under construction as of August 2012 (SEIA 2012). Continued growth is anticipated owing to state renewable portfolio standards and decreasing system costs (DOE 2012a). One concern regarding large-scale deployment of solar energy is its potentially significant land use. Efforts have been made to understand solar land use estimates from the literature (Horner and Clark 2013); however, we were unable to find a comprehensive evaluation of solar land use requirements from the research literature. This report provides data and analysis of the land use associated with U.S. utility-scale ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) facilities. After discussing solar land-use metrics and our data-collection and analysis methods, we present total and direct land-use results for various solar technologies and system configurations, on both a capacity and an electricity-generation basis. The total area corresponds to all land enclosed by the site boundary. The direct area comprises land directly occupied by solar arrays, access roads, substations, service buildings, and other infrastructure. We quantify and summarize the area impacted, recognizing that the quality and duration of the impact must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As of the third quarter of 2012, the solar projects we analyze represent 72of installed and under-construction utility-scale PV and CSP capacity in the United States.

关键词：太阳能发电厂;土地使用;配置;光伏电源

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Robots in extraterrestrial exploration traditionally faced difficulties in surface landings and flexible locomotion. Our project explored the viability of building robots around the tensegrity structural concept, which allows greater shock absorbance and flexibility by using isolated components held together through continuous tension. The study was separated into two parts: a physical prototype of a Super Ball tensegrity robot to test manufacturing viability and impact resilience in combination with a software simulation model to test control strategies and design concepts, such as position and number of actuators. This paper focused on the robustness of using software simulation models to predict the behavior of complex physical structures, such as the Super Ball tensegrity robot. Results included controlled locomotion simulations from a custom framework built on top of Bullet, a real-time physics simulation software, and initial rolling movement with a physical prototype. Software simulation models provided useful results for preliminary viability assessments, but should not replace physical prototyping, especially for complex structures. In conclusion, tensegrity robots could become promising alternatives to traditional rigid robots, which are more fragile and less flexible.

关键词：机器人;仿真模型;张拉整体结构;实时物理模拟

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The Smart Grid is expected to increase the efficiency of the current power grid, to cope with volatile power production based on renewable resources, to reduce the need for fossil-based energy resources, and to guarantee the stability of power supply. To achieve these objectives, today's power grid is enhanced by information and communication technology to increase the information flow and to enable a sophisticated power production and power demand management. However, as the power grid is extended to a network of networks, it does not only become smarter, but also more vulnerable to security threats. This chapter discusses the current status and future developments of the Smart Grid and its challenges. Enhancements in terms of energy efficiency and new energy management approaches are covered as well as novel security challenges in different parts of the Smart Grid architecture. In short, this chapter analyzes some of the most striking risks and threats concerning the new Smart Grid infrastructure and discusses interdependencies between energy efficiency and security in the Smart Grid.

关键词：智能电网；可再生资源；信息流；电力需求管理

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Meningococcal disease describes the spectrum of infections caused by Neisseria meningiditis, including meningitdis, bacteremia, and bacteremic pneumonia. Two quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines that provide protection against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY-D (Menactra, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) and MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, manufactured by Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts)) are licensed in the United States for use among persons aged 2 through 55 years. MenACWY-D also is licensed for use among infants and toddlers aged 9 through 23 months. Quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4 (Menommune, manufactured by sanofi pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania)) is the only vaccine licensed for use among persons aged > or = 56 years. A bivalent meningococcal polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine that provides protection against meningococcal serogroups C and Y along with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (Hib-MenCY-TT (MenHibrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium)) is licensed for use in children aged 6 weeks through 18 months. This report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from CDCfs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention and control of meningococcal disease in the United States, specifically the changes in the recommendations published since 2005 (CDC. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2005;54(No. RR-7)). As a comprehensive summary of previously published recommendations, this report does not contain any new recommendations; it is intended for use by clinicians as a resource. ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years. ACIP also recommends routine vaccination for persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease (i.e., persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies, persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia, microbiologists who routinely are exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis, military recruits, and persons who travel to or reside in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic).

关键词：脑膜炎；流行病学；预防；传染病；脑膜炎球菌病

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The domain of electromobility extends the topic of the Smart Grid by another large consumer, but also adds storage possibilities. Therefore it is necessary to create a new infrastructure of loading points. The communication is not limited between loading points and the vehicle, but there is also a communication between loading point and the distribution network. Additionally there are many different scenarios possible, whereas the loading point also communicates with EMS/DMS. These chapter addresses the aforementioned points and give further information and possible solutions in terms of communication standards

关键词：智能电网；DMS通信；EMS；电动汽车

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Because of new producer-, storage- and demand-side management systems which are introduced for a Smart Grid, new data pools, interfaces and processes, arise. Existing legacy systems have to interact with new systems, therefore, the functional and process logic of the power system will be distributed in a more complex way. Information and communication technologies will be required to realize these complex interactions. Developing such a complex system architecture requires a structured approach, which considers the various stakeholders' concerns. Accordingly, a fundamental architecture management of the system landscape as well as a process overview needs to be established by energy suppliers. This chapter presents an introduction and basics on this topic.

关键词：电力系统；侧管理系统；智能电网；能源供应

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经典染色理论认为,电解质主要通过增大离子强度,提高染料在染浴中的化学势起到促染作用；或者通过与离子型染料竞争染位,起到缓染作用.20世纪60年代,研究人员利用Donnan模型对离子型染料染离子型纤维进行深入研究,发现电解质还通过改变染浴体系的熵而影响染料-纤维间的疏水作用,在高电解质浓度条件下,电解质对疏水力的影响对上染率起到决定作用.校正后的Donnan模型能够很好地解释染色中加入电解质对上染率的影响.文中综述染色经典理论存在的问题,进而阐述了电解质对染料-纤维疏水力的贡献,及其对染色的影响,提出电解质在染色过程中通过同时改变体系焓变和熵变而影响染料上染.

关键词：离子染色;电解质;疏水力作用;校正Donnan模型;上染吸附;ionic dyeing;electrolytes;hydrophobic interaction;modified Donnan model;dye adsorption

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针对目前耐高温隔热承载材料的发展需求,以隔热、力学承载两方面性能与材料结构的关联规律为主线,重点分析了稀土锆酸盐陶瓷在隔热性能和力学性能方面的研究进展,并就今后高强度稀土锆酸盐陶瓷材料的研制进行了展望分析.

关键词：稀土锆酸盐;隔热材料;力学性能;低热导陶瓷

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综述了采用氢化钛粉制备钛及钛合金材料的历史及现状,报道了以氢化钛粉为原料制备医用钛材料的研究进展,并将其性能与锻造钛合金做了对比.指出采用该粉末冶金技术制备钛及钛合金性能满足应用要求,并具有工艺短、能耗低、成材率高、设备投入小的特点,能使生产成本得到控制,适用于制造批量小、品种规格多的医用钛产品.最后,分析了氢化钛粉制备钛及钛合金中存在的问题,并展望了其未来发展方向.

关键词：TiH2;粉末冶金;钛及钛合金;TiH2;powder metallurgy;titanium and titanium alloy

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