With respect to the planning problems of electric vehicle charging stations in the urban area,the paper presents a planning model which considers the road network structure,vehicle flow information,distribution system structure and capacity constraints,etc.Under the relative constraints of distribution network,the model selects the station sites and plug-in locations with the objective of minimizing the sum of users' wastage cost on the way to the charging station and the investments of station lines,realizes the auto-partition of station service areas by the weighted Voronoi diagram,and also optimally allocates the station capacities based on the queuing theory.Finally,considering both the benefits of the power company and the electric vehicle users,the planning program optimization is finished by minimizing the costs of the whole society.The case studied shows that the presented methods and models are to some extent practical and reasonable to the optimal planning of electric vehicle charging stations in the urban area.

关键词：电动汽车，充电站规划;路网结构;分销网络

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The evolution and maturity of the wind industry have often been assessed by considering changes in key metrics including capital costs, capacity factor, turbine pricing, and in some cases electricity sales data. However, wind turbines and plants represent a complex system optimization problem and each of these metrics, in isolation, fails to tell the complete story of technological progress and industry advancement. By contrast, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) provides a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on industry trends. LCOE can be used to analyze the effect of individual changes (by holding other variables constant) or to understand the complex interactions that might occur for example between turbine costs and productivity. Moreover, LCOE offers a reflection of the total production costs and required revenue for wind plants. This presentation provides examples of how a narrow focus on individual industry metrics can provide inaccurate representations of industry trends while also demonstrating how LCOE captures the array of critical industry variables to provide a greater level of insight.

关键词：风力发电；成本；电力；优化；价格

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Robots in extraterrestrial exploration traditionally faced difficulties in surface landings and flexible locomotion. Our project explored the viability of building robots around the tensegrity structural concept, which allows greater shock absorbance and flexibility by using isolated components held together through continuous tension. The study was separated into two parts: a physical prototype of a Super Ball tensegrity robot to test manufacturing viability and impact resilience in combination with a software simulation model to test control strategies and design concepts, such as position and number of actuators. This paper focused on the robustness of using software simulation models to predict the behavior of complex physical structures, such as the Super Ball tensegrity robot. Results included controlled locomotion simulations from a custom framework built on top of Bullet, a real-time physics simulation software, and initial rolling movement with a physical prototype. Software simulation models provided useful results for preliminary viability assessments, but should not replace physical prototyping, especially for complex structures. In conclusion, tensegrity robots could become promising alternatives to traditional rigid robots, which are more fragile and less flexible.

关键词：机器人;仿真模型;张拉整体结构;实时物理模拟

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Systems descriptions, costs, technical and market readiness assessments are reported for ten solar technologies: solar heating and cooling of buildings (SHACOB), passive, agricultural and industrial process heat (A/IPH), biomass, ocean thermal (OTEC), wind (WECS), solar thermal electric, photovoltaics, satellite power station (SPS), and solar total energy systems (STES). Study objectives, scope, and methods are presented. The cost and market analyses portion of Joint Task 5213/6103 will be used to make commercialization assessments in the conclusions of the final report.

关键词：太阳能；光伏电源；太阳能制冷系统；太阳能采暖系统

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Because of new producer-, storage- and demand-side management systems which are introduced for a Smart Grid, new data pools, interfaces and processes, arise. Existing legacy systems have to interact with new systems, therefore, the functional and process logic of the power system will be distributed in a more complex way. Information and communication technologies will be required to realize these complex interactions. Developing such a complex system architecture requires a structured approach, which considers the various stakeholders' concerns. Accordingly, a fundamental architecture management of the system landscape as well as a process overview needs to be established by energy suppliers. This chapter presents an introduction and basics on this topic.

关键词：电力系统；侧管理系统；智能电网；能源供应

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The domain of electromobility extends the topic of the Smart Grid by another large consumer, but also adds storage possibilities. Therefore it is necessary to create a new infrastructure of loading points. The communication is not limited between loading points and the vehicle, but there is also a communication between loading point and the distribution network. Additionally there are many different scenarios possible, whereas the loading point also communicates with EMS/DMS. These chapter addresses the aforementioned points and give further information and possible solutions in terms of communication standards

关键词：智能电网；DMS通信；EMS；电动汽车

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According to CDC data, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States--particularly Blacks/African-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos--have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, representing 72 percent of new HIV infections and 74 percent of all AIDS diagnoses in 2011. In addition to core funding programs through CDC and HRSA that are intended to provide services to all qualifying individuals affected by HIV/AIDS, MAI seeks to improve HIV-related health outcomes and reduce health disparities for minority communities through the provision of grant funds. MAI grants are distributed to a variety of entities. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act of 2009 required GAO to (1) examine the services provided, population served, and administrative challenges faced by MAI grantees, and (2) describe the best practices identified by grantees and other stakeholders for community outreach and capacity building. GAO conducted a review of services reported in fiscal year 2011 MAI grantee annual reports from a generalizable sample of 100 grantees, and interviewed agency officials and other stakeholders. GAO also reviewed grant administrative requirements, and data on MAI grant amounts and populations served.

关键词：医药；人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）；获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）；行政程序；

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Based on different methodologies,we have developed a new methodology that synthesizes,accelerates and opfimizes the application of Adaptive Business Intelligence (ABI) in medicine,genomics,pharmaceuticals and other related sciences This methodology-in its final phaseculminates in a stage called "Predictive Software Development",where the model obtained may be used to generate a prediction oriented appfieation that can be implemented in different programming languages.The work presents the methodology and also the steps followed in the development of a predictive application for self-adapting environments for a particular case study of hypothyroidism.

关键词：方法论；商业智能；预测性应用；自适应

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By the third quarter of 2012, the United States had deployed more than 2.1 gigawatts (GWac1) of utility-scale solar generation capacity, with 4.6 GWac under construction as of August 2012 (SEIA 2012). Continued growth is anticipated owing to state renewable portfolio standards and decreasing system costs (DOE 2012a). One concern regarding large-scale deployment of solar energy is its potentially significant land use. Efforts have been made to understand solar land use estimates from the literature (Horner and Clark 2013); however, we were unable to find a comprehensive evaluation of solar land use requirements from the research literature. This report provides data and analysis of the land use associated with U.S. utility-scale ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) facilities. After discussing solar land-use metrics and our data-collection and analysis methods, we present total and direct land-use results for various solar technologies and system configurations, on both a capacity and an electricity-generation basis. The total area corresponds to all land enclosed by the site boundary. The direct area comprises land directly occupied by solar arrays, access roads, substations, service buildings, and other infrastructure. We quantify and summarize the area impacted, recognizing that the quality and duration of the impact must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As of the third quarter of 2012, the solar projects we analyze represent 72of installed and under-construction utility-scale PV and CSP capacity in the United States.

关键词：太阳能发电厂;土地使用;配置;光伏电源

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Within this chapter requirements engineering methods and models in context of Smart Grid development are outlined. First, the activities of requirements engineering and their integration into superordinate process models are introduced. Subsequently, the layered models of the GridWise Architectural Council and the Smart Grid Architectural Model (SGAM) are outlined. These cover viewpoints from business requirements to component specification and therefore may be used to structure Smart-Grid-specific requirements engineering activities. The application of the SGAM is illustrated by using the example of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Since the development of Smart Grids represents a long-term engineering effort, this chapter also introduces the concept of technology roadmaps to manage strategic goals and requirements. The assessment of technological and organizational progress in Smart Grid development complements this approach and is subsequently covered by the discussion of the Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM). The chapter concludes with a brief summary and references for further reading regarding inputs to the SGAM Layers.

关键词：智能电网；需求工程；流程模型；成熟度模型

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