Manufacturing represents sophisticated cooperation among different departments of business, such as procurement, engineering, and quality control. As the globalization has been a common phenomenon, effective management of cross-functioning teams becomes a major challenge for most businesses. Manufacturing execution systems (MES) are made for improving manufacturing accuracy and efficiency. These are process-oriented production management systems that are used for the real-time execution of production plans as well as for getting feedback from the processes. They are generally connected to numerous systems at the process automation level. These comprise traditional data collection and all other procedures that have a real-time effect on the process of production. Manufacturing execution systems is a total solution including software and services to enhance factory automation efficiency. The systems provide complete service on automation of the manufacturing system and procurement system. To satisfy customers’ needs, manufacturers are dedicated to offering high-quality products at affordable prices with in time delivery. Thus, enhancing production quality and efficiency is a critical challenge faced by the manufacturers. The manufacturing process starts with material procurement. When all the materials arrive in the warehouse, the assembly process begins. After the device is assembled and passed through the quality control process, all the qualified goods will move to the packing area. Finally, these goods would be shipped out based on the order details. The accuracy of cost estimation, quality record and analysis, progress control of orders, etc., are the major parameters considered to enhance manufacturing efficiency.

Aquaculture includes farming of fish, aquatic plants, algae, crustaceans, molluscs, and other organisms. Small-scale aquaculture market in developed and developing countries make critical contributions to employment. According to the FAO, aquaculture provides employment to more than over 41 million people globally. The vast majority of aquaculture activities are carried out in developing countries working in fish production. Fish and other seafood species constituting an important source of nutrients for the poor and is among the cheapest form of animal protein. As most capture fisheries worldwide considered fully exploited or overexploited, aquaculture is considered as an important sector to meet rising fish demand, which will continue to increase with population growth, rising incomes and increasing urbanization. The aquaculture sector in North America is dominated by finfish and trout, primarily channel catfish in the US of America, Atlantic salmon in Canada. A smaller segment is dedicated to the production of bivalve molluscs shellfish, mainly a number of species of oysters, mussels, and clams. The availability of suitable environment, technology, and financing for the aquaculture industry in this region boost the aquaculture market growth. Rising demand for aquaculture-produced seafood, coupled with increased consumer demand for seafood in the diets of people is expected to propel the aquaculture market in North America. In North America, health benefits of cultured seafood are routinely promoted as part of marketing, and FAO described both Canadian and American government initiatives for promoting the consumption of seafood which propels the demand for seafood in this region

The industry landscape chapter gives a brief knowledge about the various product developments, partnerships, mergers & acquisitions, and collaboration strategies implemented by the companies operating in the application modernization tools market.Market initiative strategy is adopted by the companies to expand their footprints across the world to meet the growing demand of customers. The players operating in the application modernization tools market are focusing on products enhancements by integration of advanced technologies.

The aircraft industry is experiencing considerable demand for various technologically advanced equipment. The inclination curve of air travel is continuously climbing across geographies forcing the manufacturers of aircraft to provide an increased number of aircrafts such as fixed-wing and rotary-wing. The commercial air passenger is expected to maintain a continuous growth over the years, irrespective of numerous challenges faced by the commercial airlines such as aviation fuel price, and other monetary changes in various countries. However, these challenges are succeeded by the growth of several passengers across the world. In the aviation sector across the globe, the quest for advanced technology, robust systems, and rugged products are ever rising. The technological advancements in the field of aircraft are positively accepted by the developed countries as well as developing regions. The procurement of technologically advanced aircraft has bolstered over the years, flourishing the aircraft component manufacturing market.

汽车行业为所有生产和销售各类汽车如乘用车、商用车及其零部件等汽车产品的企业总和。汽车行业是国民经济重要的支柱产业，产业链长、关联度高、就业面广、消费拉动力大，一直被当成工业发达国家的经济指标，在国家实力成长和社会发展中发挥着极为重要的作用。汽车工业是综合性工业，反映了一个国家的综合工业水平。 2018 年，我国新能源汽车累计产销 127.05 万辆和 125.62 万辆，同比增长60.01%和 61.67%。2019 年 1-10 月，新能源汽车产销分别完成 98.3 万辆和 94.7万辆，比上年同期分别增长 11.7%和 10.1%。 在过去几年，四五六线城市基本上占了市场总量的大概 60%～65%，它们的第一发力阶段大概是从 2010～2015 年，他们的换车周期大概是 12 年左右，到第二轮次基本上要向后推迟到 2022～2023 年左右。中商产业研究院预测，2019年全国汽车产量约为 2500 万辆，与上年同期相比下降 10%。在市场需求减少的情况下，2020 年产量将进一步下滑至 2265 万辆。到 2019 年，我国汽车销量将降至 2541 万辆，同比下降 9.5%。到 2020 年，我国汽车销量持续下滑至 2283万辆左右，同比下滑 10.15%。预计 2021 年后汽车销量在消费升级及换车需求的刺激下开始回升。

The North America compound management market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 13.9% from 2019 - 2027. The market of compound management in the North America region is majorly contributed by the US. The region is experiencing the robust growth of the market owing to increase in the number of clinical trials along with an increase in R&D expenses made by pharmaceutical companies. The top 10 industry players operating in the market of Compound management across the globe include, , Brooks Life Sciences, Tecan Trading AG, Hamilton Company, TTP Labtech, Frontier Scientific Services, Biosero Inc., Evotec, Icagen, Inc., Wuxi Apptec, and TCG Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd.

Microarrays are the most popular form of lab-on-a-chip technology, due to the wide range of differentiation and low price of the equipment. Increasing use of personal medical devices and the need for immediate results from diagnostic tests are the major factors driving the demand for microarrays in the lab-on-a-chip market. The technological advances have increased the throughput of device production, improved rapid prototyping efforts, and enabled researchers to enhance the complexity and sophistication of experiments that can be performed on a microfluidic chip. As a result, microfluidic technology has its immense potential for research in life science and medicine. In the United States, the usage of high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies increased drastically in academic research. With the rising interest in HTS, the lab-on-chip technology is expected to be widely used in the country, due to its applications in high-throughput screening. The lab-on-a-chip device has its application in the medical field in the diagnosis of various infectious diseases, which eases sample handling and yields efficient results in a snap of time. Thus, the increasing application of LOC in clinical diagnostics is due to its beneficial features, such as low cost, high parallelization, accuracy, and ease-of-use, with low volume sample and faster response time.

The North America mobile cardiac telemetry systems market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 12.6% from 2019 - 2027. The market of mobile cardiac telemetry systems in the North America region is majorly contributed by the US and US is the largest market for the mobile cardiac telemetry systems. The growth of the market is defined by the availability of the products by the various market leaders, presence of the several companies across the region. In addition, the rise in the cardiovascular diseases are likely to contribute to the growth of the market. The top 10 industry players operating in the market of mobile cardiac telemetry systems across the globe includes Medtronic, BioTelemetry Inc., Applied Cardiac Systems, Inc, Medicomp Inc, Preventice Services, LLC, The Scottcare Corporation, Medi-Lynx (Subisidiary Of Medicalgorithmics, S.A), Zoll Medical Corporation, Welch Allyn, and Telerhythmics, LLC.

PVC compounds provide cost benefit and per pound of PVC in small diameter pressure water pipes and fittings, over other materials, such as copper, steel or high-performance cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Other than being cost-intensive, copper, steel or PEX are also expensive to install than PVC pipes. In these systems, the cost of installation can be as much as ten times the cost of the pipe itself, so even small differences in the ease of installation can result in large differences in the total cost of using a substitute material instead of PVC. PVC pipe holds a commanding share in large diameter pressure water and sanitary sewer pipe because of its low cost, ease of installation, long and reliable service life, and its low replacement and maintenance cost. Ductile iron and concrete are the major substitutes in these applications, and their installation costs are higher, particularly for concrete since many more pipe joints are required. Replacement and repair costs are much higher for concrete than for PVC pipe. Additional costs are also imposed by the loss of water, due to main breaks and pumping costs, which may be higher for these surrogate materials. The higher installation cost for concrete pipe also contributes to the substitution cost for PVC in storm sewers. Therefore, PVC offers a much better cost-saving option for the aforementioned applications, both in terms of material and installation.

A robotic fueling system has the advantage of preventing human contact with potentially dangerous fumes, avoiding driver’s exposure to extreme hot or cold temperatures during fueling, and reducing the labor costs associated with full service fueling stations. A robotic fueling system consists of five main subsystems: control system which include user interface, processor, and logic schema; sensor system for vehicle positioning and identification, robotic arm, fuel dispensing nozzle, and the fuel port interface. The main focus of robotic fuelling is to explore improvements over existing systems (manual) mainly by cost reduction (personnel cost) through automation. Simplification in robotic fueling can be achieved by the redesign of the vehicle positioning and fuel dispensing systems. The robotic refueling system market has been witnessing robust growth due to factors such as Low cost of operation and flexibility of dispensing different fuels, adoption of this system by the mining industry owing to cost, flexibility, safety and increased productivity of mining operations. No requirement for operators on-site to man fuel stations and refuel vehicles is considered to the major driving factor for the robotic fueling systems remarkable growth rate during the forecast period from 2019 – 2027