关键词：血；氰化物；食入（生理学）；唾液
摘 要：Cyanide is a deadly poison which may be ingested or inhaled and can cause severe incapacitation or death. The diagnosis of cyanide exposure is critical to speed treatment and reduce harm. The development of a diagnostic sensor device and the identification and analysis of novel biomarkers of cyanide exposure are the major objectives of this research. Since the onset of toxic outcome from cyanide exposure is very fast, a rapid and portable sensor for the detection of cyanide exposure was developed and tested. The sensor utilized a cyanide-selective fluorescent reaction as the core chemical reaction with micro-diffusion sample preparation (previously reported). Second- and third-generation cyanide sensors were developed and the latest version is currently undergoing laboratory testing. Multiple novel markers of cyanide exposure were also identified as having potential advantages to cyanide and thiocyanate, and methods of analysis for these markers were developed or are in the process of being developed. Specifically, 2-amino-2-thiozoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), alpha-ketoglutarate, and a cyanide-glutathione adduct were investigated. Toxicokinetic models were obtained through analysis of the plasma concentrations of ATCA, cyanide, and thiocyanate, analyzed from cyanide-exposed rats (previously reported), rabbits (reported in 2012), and swine, to assess the utility of ATCA as a bio-marker for cyanide exposure.