《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》明确提出要完善华北、华东、华中区域内特高压交流网架结构，为特高压直流送入电力提供支撑，建设川渝特高压主网架，完善南方电网主网架。金额上：“十四五”期间，南网建设将规划投资约6700亿元，以加快数字电网和现代化电网建设进程，推动以新能源为主体的新型电力系统构建；国家电网计划投入3500亿美元（约合2.23万亿元），推进电网转型升级。合计规划投资累计将超 过2.9万亿元。数量上：为按期实现“24交14直”，千亿投资将助推规划进展，预计24、25年每年至少4条直流工程的开工进度，并迎来 核准高峰。

Combined heat and power, also known as cogeneration, is an efficient process that generates electricity and captures and utilizes the waste heat produced simultaneously. It involves using a single fuel source, such as natural gas or biomass, to generate electricity through a generator or turbine. The waste heat generated during this process is recovered and utilized for heating, cooling, or other thermal energy applications. Combined heat and power systems offer higher energy efficiency, typically exceeding 80%, compared to separate production of electricity and heat. They provide cost savings, reduce fuel consumption, and contribute to environmental sustainability by maximizing the use of energy resources. Combined heat and power find applications in various sectors, including industrial, commercial, and residential settings.

Coal gasification is a thermochemical process in which coal is subject to heat and pressure in a gasifier to break it down into its chemical constituents. The resulting product, known as syngas, primarily comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen and, occasionally, other gaseous compounds. Syngas can be used for electricity generation, as a fuel in energy-efficient fuel cell technology, and even as a chemical building block in industrial applications. Moreover, hydrogen can be extracted for use as fuel in a hydrogen economy. Also, syngas can be used to produce transportation fuels that can be a substitute for gasoline in vehicles.

Ultrapure water is the water treated to obtain the highest purity levels for use in critical cleaning and process feed applications. Ultrapure water is primarily used in the semiconductor industry, power plants, and the healthcare sector. It is obtained by combining several filtering techniques, including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange. The processes for obtaining ultrapure water are monitored by stringent specifications and standards formulated by regulatory bodies.

Shale gas is a type of natural gas that is trapped within shale rock formations deep beneath the Earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel, like conventional natural gas, primarily composed of methane with small amounts of other hydrocarbons and trace impurities.

Rugged handheld devices are portable electronic devices that can withstand difficult climatic and environmental conditions. Rugged handheld devices are water- and dust-resistant and have shockproof features. These devices have a battery life of more than ten hours.

净零排放目标下，清洁能源投资增加，风电、光伏发电占比呈现上升趋势。电网是能源转型的重要载体，终端高电气化率+发电侧高比例新能源接入不断对电网造成冲击和挑战。从全球角度来看，22 年电力装机容量投资相较于 17 年大幅增长近 40%，已超过 7500 亿美元。相比之下，电网基础设施投资保持相对稳定，每年稳定在 3000 亿美元左右。我们预计在能源转型趋势的推动下，全球电网投资有望匹配上升，以满足日益增长的新能源需求。