关键词：纳米粒子；传染性疾病；医药
摘 要：Despite the rapid progress in the development of new pharmaceutical products, modern medicine has not been able to keep pace with the infectious diseases that have reached high mortality rates in recent years. Since infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites have developed resistance to current drugs, successful treatment of these agents remains insufficient. Furthermore, exposed drugs may lose their efficacy while circulating in the human body, depending on how the drugs were administered. In the other words, such drugs generally cannot reach the site of infection, resulting in uncontrolled treatment of the illness or condition. Because of the development of resistance and the ineffectiveness of these drugs, high dosages are commonly administered, which leads to various side effects. Recently, researchers have primarily focused on drug delivery systems in order to enhance the efficacy of these drugs and to prevent their negative side effects. It has been asserted that delivery of drugs with nanoparticles provides an opportunity for transporting a sufficient amount of drug molecules to the site of infection owing to the unique properties of nanoparticles. Nano-sized delivery systems offer several advantages, such as small particle size, narrow size distribution, surface features for target-specific localization, protection of drug molecules to enhance stability, and the opportunity to develop nanocarriers that respond to physiological stimuli. In this review, we aimed to demonstrate the applications of drug delivery through different nanoparticulate systems for bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections such as H.pylori, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Malaria, and Leishmania infections, conditions that threaten millions of people around the world. Analysis of the literature indicated that nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have so far revealed promising results for the treatment of various infectious diseases. Therefore it is expected that nanoparticulate drug delivery systems might be one of the most important methods for the treatment of infectious diseases in conjunction with the increased interest surrounding the subject.