关键词：钢铁；高速公路桥；桥下部结构；成本效率；维护
摘 要：Deterioration of bridge substructures has been a serious concern throughout Wisconsin. Concrete, steel and timber components all require distinct repair methods which not only address the true cause of the deterioration, but also protect the component from future damage. In order to determine common repair practices and their success rates, the research team surveyed maintenance engineers throughout the United States to determine successful and reliable substructure repair techniques.