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机械行业:周期底部孕育新动能-2024年投资展望
机械行业涨幅较年中回落,整体估值低于历史中位。年初至今申万机械一级行业指数涨幅从7 月初的11.85%下跌至3.55%, 涨幅位居第8 位。跑赢同期上证指数、中证1000、深圳综指4.55、6.5 和6.62 个百分点。从估值来看,截止11 月9 日,机 械行业整体PE-TTM(剔除负值)25.94 倍,低于2014 年以来历史中位数28.07 倍。内部板块分化。从收入端来看,同比增速 较高的细分板块为:制冷空调设备(21.69%)、机器人(16.41%)、工控设备(11.56%)、仪器仪表(11.28%)和能源及重型设 备(9.89%);从利润端来看,同比增速较高的细分板块为制冷空调设备(32.99%)、楼宇设备(22.71%)、机床工具(20.68%)、 工程机械整机(17.08%)、能源及重型设备(13.59%)。
1. 机械行业整体贡献超额收益..................................................................................................................................................................7
2. 周期底部孕育新动能..............................................................................................................................................................................8
2.1 国际竞争力持续提升出口筑底 ....................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 新一轮库存周期有望开启..........................................................................................................................................................12
2.3 围绕新质生产力布局先进产能 ..................................................................................................................................................15
3. 传统行业营收和净利冷热不均............................................................................................................................................................19
3.1 营收、利润双高增:制冷空调和能源及重型设备景气度高企 ..............................................................................................19
3.1.1 冷链物流设备更新换代加速...........................................................................................................................................19
3.1.2 煤矿智能化拉升煤机企业 ROE .....................................................................................................................................22
3.2 利润增速高于营收增速:工程机械整机、楼宇设备和机床工具盈利能力提升 ..................................................................25
3.2.1 工程机械龙头迈向国际化...............................................................................................................................................25
3.2.2 电梯市场更新替换增量可期...........................................................................................................................................27
3.2.3 高端机床周期、升级、外需三重共振...........................................................................................................................29
3.3 利润增速不及营收增速:通用设备主动去库存持续 ..............................................................................................................34
3.3.1 工控自动化从增量红利走向结构红利...........................................................................................................................34
3.3.2 新工艺扩容激光设备市场...............................................................................................................................................38
4. 新兴赛道迭代升级各有千秋................................................................................................................................................................43
4.1 半导体有望走出底部区域 ..........................................................................................................................................................43
4.2 顺应能源变革装备先行..............................................................................................................................................................45
4.2.1 光伏电池技术更新带来设备增量...................................................................................................................................46
4.2.2 锂电设备迈向高端...........................................................................................................................................................48
4.2.3 2022 年核准核电机组数量创历史新高.........................................................................................................................51
5. 有望受益标的.........................................................................................................................................................................................51
6. 风险提示.................................................................................................................................................................................................53