关键词：工程测量；精确度；监测网络
摘 要：This chapter considers the various ways in which engineering survey monitoring networks, such that those used for tracking volcanic and large-scale ground movements, may be optimized to improve the precision. These include the traditional method of fixing control points, the Lagrange method, free net adjustment, the g-inverse method, and the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach using the pseudo-inverse. A major characteristic of such inverse problem networks is that the system is rank deficient. This deficiency is solved using either exterior (i.e. a priori) or inner constraints. The former requires additional resources to provide the control points. In contrast, inner constraints methods do not require the imposition of external control and offer higher precision because the network geometry is preserved.