关键词：热水不足；触发电平；HPWH
摘 要：Use of customer owned controllable load, heat pump water heater (HPWH), has been considered for voltage control in distribution system with large penetration of photovoltaic systems. Primary control priority of the proposed voltage control methods is to ensure sufficient amount of hot water in the HPWH tank so that none of participating consumer are affected with hot water shortage. In order to prevent hot water shortage problem, time-varying trigger level to operate the HPWH at right time has been proposed by considering amount of hot water in the tank and hot water consumption. The proposed method triggers the HPWH operation with rated power consumption when amount of hot water in the tank reaches below the proposed trigger level. Outcome of hot water demand patterns.