关键词：铁矿石；氧化铁；钢铁
摘 要：Iron is produced by the reduction of iron ore and other iron oxides as a precursor to steel and by remelting of metallic stock to produce a family of iron-based alloys (cast irons) for industrial use. More than 1 billion metric tons of iron is produced annually by reduction processes.1 Blast furnaces account for more than 90% of iron reduction with the rest accomplished through direct reduction or "alternate ironmaking" processes. Cupola furnaces, rotary furnaces, and induction furnaces are the primary units for cast iron re-melting. In 2009, the cast iron production of the main industrialized countries was 58.6 million metric tons. The role of oxygen combustion in reduction processes is described in Sections 21.2 and 21.3, and in re-melting processes in Section 21.4.