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新能源与汽车行业:硅基负极,锂电材料升级的必经之路-新能源锂电池系列报告之九
目前锂电负极材料以石墨类为主,占比高达98%,石墨类负极比容量 均在350mAh/g 以上,已经接近理论比容量上限372mAh/g。硅基负极 优势明显,理论比容量最高达4200mAh/g,是石墨材料10 倍以上, 并且硅能从各个方向提供锂离子嵌入和脱出的通道,快充性能优异,是 未来负极的发展方向。但硅基负极在嵌锂过程中体积膨胀严重、材料导 电性差、首效和循环性能等问题制约了其商业化应用,2021 年出货量 仅为1.1 万吨,渗透率不足2%,方向明确,潜力巨大。
1 总论 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2 行业趋势:硅基负极是负极发展方向 ................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 石墨类负极是主流,但提升空间有限 ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 硅基负极比容量极高、快充优,但体积膨胀、导电性较弱 ............................................................................................ 8
2.3 硅碳与硅氧是主流方向,技术创新空间巨大 .................................................................................................................. 10
2.4 高壁垒带来高溢价,规模化后有望持续降本 .................................................................................................................. 13
2.5 下游需求放量,硅基负极有望爆发 .................................................................................................................................. 15
3 硅基负极放量带动新型材料发展 ....................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 新型负极粘结剂迎来放量,看好PAA 国产替代 ............................................................................................................. 16
3.2 正极预锂化为目前主流,负极预锂化值得关注 .............................................................................................................. 17
3.3 碳纳米管显著提升电池性能,渗透率逐步提高 .............................................................................................................. 19
4 市场空间测算 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 全球硅基负极市场空间测算 .............................................................................................................................................. 20
4.2 衍生材料市场空间测算 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
5 重点公司 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.1 贝特瑞:负极材料龙头企业,硅基负极技术领先 ........................................................................................................... 24
5.2 杉杉股份:硅氧负极逐步上量,技术位居行业前列 ...................................................................................................... 24
5.3 德方纳米:积极布局正极补锂的铁锂正极龙头 .............................................................................................................. 24
5.4 天奈科技:碳纳米管龙头企业,受益于导电剂渗透率提升 .......................................................................................... 24
风险提示: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 25