关键词：传感器；抗体；免疫传感器；生物传感器
摘 要：The discussion presented previously enables formulating the most promising directions for the improvement of antibody-based sensors: 1. Increasing the antigen-binding capacity of the sensitive sensor surface attributed to the use alongside the full-size antibodies of their synthetic or recombinant fragments, oriented immobilization of antibodies or their fragments, and search for new surfaces and labels that ensure the most efficient generation and transfer of the detected signal. 2. Molecular antibody design: increasing its affinity, specificity regulation, and reaching higher stability under the sensor operation conditions, including regeneration cycles. 3. Search for new solutions enabling the combination of high immu-nosensor sensitivity with kinetic mode, as well as for new signal amplification systems (both for direct immunosensors and the immunosensors using the labeled compounds). At present, in spite of great many research works in the sphere of the bio-and immunosensors, their range as commercially available products is not so broad. Today's biosensor market, in general, is formed by quite a limited product list. Approximately 50% of the sales volume is accounted for the glucose sensors, which jointly with the assay systems for blood-solved gases and blood electrolytes content make 90% of the world market. Although the immunosensors are in demand for important practical tasks and despite the evident success of the R&D developments to achieve a high sensitivity, rapidity, miniaturization, and a higher performance, immunosensor integration with the common practices is changing very slowly.