Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) are attractive for many applications due to their high-power, high-brightness outputs. In order to power scale the devices, the pump spot size should be increased. However, the large pump area greatly amplifies the guided spontaneous emission in the epitaxial plane. In order to efficiently power scale the devices, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lateral lasing must be reduced. We begin by first reporting on the temperature dependence of the phenomena. Particularly, since the quantum well gain and bandgap are functions of temperature, ASE and lateral lasing are greatly dependent on the operating temperature as well as the pump power. The easiest method of quantifying the affect of ASE and lateral lasing is by removing the Fabry-Perot cavity formed by the chip edges. We have chosen two different methods: Reducing the Fresnel reflections by patterning the edges of the sample, and depositing a layer of Ge on the edges of the VECSEL chip as the high index of refraction for Ge should reduce the Fresnel reflections and the absorption properties in the NIR regime should also act to prevent feedback into the pump area. Our research shows both of these methods have increased the performance and visibly decreased the amount of lateral lasing seen in the devices.

关键词：芯片；外延生长；Fabry佩罗干涉仪

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KPiX is a 1,024 channel System on a Chip intended for bump bonding to large area Si sensors, enabling low multiple scattering Si strip tracking and high density Particle Flow calorimetry for SiD at the International Linear Collider (ILC). It may be used for hadronic calorimetry readout with RPCs or GEMs, and with a scintillator-based muon system using SiPMs. An electromagnetic calorimeter prototype will be beam-tested in early 2013.

关键词：芯片；线性对撞机；热量计；电磁学

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This is the final performance report for a program entitled: 'Integrated Plasmonic Nanocircuits'. The proposed effort aimed to develop nanoscale optoelectronic nanocircuit elements capable of converting electrical signals to optical signals and back. As part of the program, we developed some of the smallest optical sources and detectors to date. We also demonstrated that new functionalities can be obtained by bringing resonant metallic and semiconductor nanostructures together in optoelectronic devices. In such devices, the constituent materials perform simultaneous electronic and optical functions. This type of multi-functional devices allow for denser integration on a chip. The fabricated structures can find direct application in integrated biosensors and quantum optics experiments. Longer term, the constituent hybrid nanophotonics devices will find their way into a variety of communication, security, and computing systems that are critical to the DoD. In these systems they can serve as an efficient bridge between nanoscale electronic components and (diffraction-limited) dielectric photonics.

关键词：芯片；非线性光学；光电子学；光电探测器；量子光学

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The Xilinx Virtex 4QV and 5QV (V4 and V5) are next-generation field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for space applications. However, there have been concerns within the space community regarding the non-hermeticity of V4/V5 packages; polymeric materials such as the underfill and lid adhesive will be directly exposed to the space environment. In this study, reliability concerns associated with the non-hermeticity of V4/V5 packages were investigated by studying properties and behavior of the underfill and the lid adhesvie materials used in V4/V5 packages.

关键词：芯片；可靠性；技术利用率

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In this project, we investigated a new method, adiabatic quantum cooling, to address issues involved in semiconductor laser cooling. We have developed the theoretical framework, as well as numerical modeling methods to design and model semiconductor devices. We also grew several epitaxial structures with record blue-shift, and process them into suspended ridge structures. A novel processing method is developed that can achieve record high thermal isolation. In order to measure temperature accurately, both micro- thermistor and micro-thermocouple devices were integrated on the chip. We also developed a thermoreflectance temperature mapping system with approximately 300 nm resolution. Achieved temperature sensitivity was about 10 mK. We observe strong cooling component, although we have not achieve net cooling yet. Methods to increase the laser cooling beyond heating power are identified.

关键词：芯片；激光制冷；多重量子井；光学制冷

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During this project the Boston University team developed novel approaches to enhance light-matter coupling in optical devices by engineering photonic-plasmonic resonances in aperiodically ordered nanostructures. In particular, they designed, fabricated and characterized a large number of active photonic nanomaterials and structures and demonstrated unique optical properties such as broadband enhanced local field intensity, scattering, radiative (i.e., light emission) and nonlinear responses (i.e., second harmonic generation, nonlinear refractive index) using Si compatible materials and processing. Fabricated metal-dielectric devices have been integrated with planar Si chips for applications of aperiodic order to light emission, optical sensing, on-chip nonlinear generation, solar energy conversion, and singular optics. The fabrication and experimental characterization of materials and device demonstrators have been partnered with the development of efficient computational design tools based on semi-analytical multiple scattering theory, which allowed the rigorous study and optimization of large-scale aperiodic media for the first time.

关键词：等离子体；芯片(电子)；比色分析；能量转换

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A Fuel Cycle Research and Development project has investigated an innovative sampling method that could evolve into the next generation sampling and analysis system for metallic elements present in aqueous processing streams. Initially sampling technologies were evaluated and microfluidics sampling chip technology was selected and tested. A conceptual design for a fully automated microcapillary-based system was completed and a robotic automated sampling system was fabricated. The mechanical and sampling operation of the completed sampling system was investigated. In addition, the production of a less expensive, mass produced sampling chip was investigated to avoid chip reuse thus increasing sampling reproducibility/accuracy. The microfluidic based robotic sampling systems mechanical elements were tested to ensure analytical reproducibility and the optimum robotic handling of microfluidic sampling chips.

关键词：热细胞；金属芯片；放射性废物加工；机器人研发

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Vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) provide a flexible platform in order to explore curious laser designs and systems as their high-power, high-brightness make them attractive for many applications, and their flexibility eases this exploration. In considering the methods of coupling VECSELs as well as their potential uses, we begin by reporting on the development of a gain coupled VECSEL for use in optical switching. In particular, two VECSEL cavities share a common gain region; the competition for a common set of carriers dictate how these cavities interact. The easiest manifestation to realize gain coupling is to utilize a linear cavity as well as a v-cavity, built around a single half-VCSEL chip. The cavity gain/loss of each cavity can be controlled independently through use of birefringent filters, allowing us to explore the design space, which can be divided up into coarse behavior, easy to analyze through comparing the two uncoupled lasers, and a fine behavior, where one cavity will affect the other and each cavity can laser simultaneously, sometimes at dramatically different wavelengths. These two regions may be explained with simple rate equations, and it will be shown that if prepared properly, spontaneous emission plays a large role in balancing out the two laser cavities within the fine regime, while may be completely neglected in the coarse regime.

关键词：光芯片；激光应用程序；激光腔；光学开关

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In this project, we: (1) demonstrated colloidal Quantum Dot (QD) based vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with record low thresholds, (2) engineered the local density of optical states (LDOS) in 1D waveguides to control the emission of randomly oriented QDs, (3) demonstrated silica cladding of commercial QDs, and thus broadened the range of QD sources suitable for on-chip integration using electrostatic self-assembly methods, (4) demonstrated a robust, reusable platform of alumina templates for the precise placement of single colloidal QDs, (5) built a custom scanning confocal microscope setup capable of performing large-scale characterization of the lifetime and g2 autocorrelation of individual QD emission in self-assembled arrays, and (6) integrated colloidal QDs in dielectric waveguides and near resonant nanostructures.

关键词：芯片；光学开关；量子体系

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A modified configuration for a THz stage has been designed, fabricated and assembled with the final goal to combine the THz spectrometer with a microfluidic platform for characterization of biological samples in solutions. The new stage accommodates a modified optical mounting system that focuses THz radiation on micro/nanofluidic chips with reduced size of 1.5 mm x 3.0 mm for the active region, encompassing 10 sample channels in parallel. Another important improvement to the stage is modified linear positioning of the microdetector with a probe relative to the microfluidic chip in a near field configuration. A significant change in the software for computer controlled operation has also been made. We continued protocol development for spectroscopic characterization of biomaterials using micro/nanofluidic chips. The algorithm for amplitude and frequency shift corrections has been investigated and tested. The possibility to further improve spectral resolution has been demonstrated.

关键词：芯片；光谱系统；生物传感器

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