A control strategy is proposed for a minimally-actuated flapping- wing micro air-vehicle (FWMAV). The proposed vehicle is similar to the Harvard RoboFly that accomplished the first takeoff of an insect scale flapping wing aircraft, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings. Using the derivation of the aerodynamic forces and moments from Part I, a control allocation strategy and a feedback control law are designed that enable the vehicle to achieve untethered, stabilized flight about a hover condition. Six degree-of-freedom maneuvers near hover are demonstrated as well. The control laws are designed to make use of two actuators that control the angular position of the wing in the stroke plane. The Split-Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation with Wing Bias technique, introduced in Part I, is used to allow each wing to generate non-zero cycleaveraged aerodynamic forces and moments. This technique modifies the frequencies of the up and down strokes to yield non-zero cycle-averaged drag due to the flapping motion of a wing. Additionally, the midpoint of the wingbeat profile can be modified by use of a wing bias. The bias is introduced to primarily provide pitching moment control. In this work, the sensitivities of cycle-averaged forces and moments with respect to the control parameters are computed. Single axis controllers are designed and the complete system is simulated.

关键词：控制器；汽车；仿生汽车

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The report describes the results of a study to investigate,identify,and analyze the potential problems of electromagnetic interference from all sources (internal and external to the vehicle) that may cause malfunction of motor vehicle electronic control and electronically actuated safety devices. This program accomplishes an analysis of inter-and intra-vehicle energy transfer and coupling by computer simulation,using DOD developed modeling techniques that have been employed for a wide range of EMC/EMI design and evaluation support problems. These applications have included aircraft,spacecraft,and advanced surface ships. A computerized circuit analysis model adapted from the IBM Electronic Circuit Analysis Program (ECAP) is used to assess susceptability of representative types of electronic components and subsystems typically used in automotive electronic applications. A preliminary EM environmental source file is provided based on a literature search of vehicular internal noise sources and worst case external electromagnetic field descriptions. Validation test plans and preliminary EMC guidelines for automotive electronics are summarized.

关键词：电子控制；汽车；安全装置；电磁干扰

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This report summarizes the analysis and measurement tasks accomplished for this phase of the Dot Road Vehicle EMC/EMI program and the contents of EMC Guidelines proposed for the design and maintenance phases of electronic safety and control systems. A computerized coupling analysis program was used to determine the effects of body shielding,aperture size,and cable lengths on signal coupling in the 100to 200MHz band between a simulated mobile radio emission and a modeled air-cushion restraint system cable as it might be used in a motor vehicle. A series of susceptibility tests were performed on an electronic speed control system and an anti-skid control module to determine functional upset levels of injected signals at critical circuit ports on these devices. The upset criteria were based on performance departures from normal,resulting from the injection of interfering signals. The injected signals were designed to represent levels and durations characteristic of those generated within the vehicle or coupled from external sources. A set of basic guidelines to promote EMC in the use of electronic control and safety devices in automobiles are presented. The applications and technological developments concerned with current automotive electronics are discussed. The research conducted by the automotive industry to explore the feasibility of a central processor or control system and potential problem areas are reviewed.

关键词：电子控制；汽车；安全装置

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are under evaluation by various stake holders to better understand their capability and potential benefits. PHEVs could allow users to significantly improve fuel economy over a standard HEV and in some cases, depending on daily driving requirements and vehicle design, have the ability to eliminate fuel consumption entirely for daily vehicle trips. The cost associated with providing charge infrastructure for PHEVs, along with the additional costs for the on-board power electronics and added battery requirements associated with PHEV technology will be a key factor in the success of PHEVs. This report analyzes the infrastructure requirements for PHEVs in single family residential, multi-family residential and commercial situations. Costs associated with this infrastructure are tabulated, providing an estimate of the infrastructure costs associated with PHEV deployment.

关键词：电动汽车；充电

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The report contains the results of a test series to evaluate the electrical environment of a motor vehicle during normal operating conditions and a summary of power supply variations and electrical signal transient characteristics. Both source and coupled signals were measured. A computerized coupling analysis program was used to determine the effects of body shielding,aperture size,and cable lengths on signal coupling in the 100to 200MHz band between a simulated mobile radio emission and a modeled air-cushion restraint system cable as it might be used in a motor vehicle. A series of susceptibility tests were performed on an electronic speed control system and an anti-skid control module to determine functional upset levels of injected signals at critical circuit ports on these devices. The upset criteria were based on performance departures from normal,resulting from the injection of interfering signals. The injected signals were designed to represent levels and durations characteristic of those generated within the vehicle or coupled from external sources.

关键词：汽车电子控制；汽车零部件

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In this paper, we present a formalism for human-in-the-loop control systems.Particularly, we focus on the problem of synthesizing a semi-autonomous controller from high-level temporal specifications that expect occasional human intervention for correct operation. We present an algorithm for this problem, and demonstrate its operation on problems related to driver assistance in automobiles.

关键词：人为干涉控制系统；半自治控制器；汽车驾驶员

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Bidirectional power electronics can add vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability in a plug-in vehicle, which then allows the vehicle to operate as a distributed resource (DR). The uniqueness of the battery-based V2G power electronics requires a test procedure that will not only maintain IEEE interconnection standards, but can also evaluate the electrical performance of the vehicle working as a DR. The objective of this paper is to discuss a recently published NREL technical report that provides interim test procedures for V2G vehicles for their integration into the electrical distribution systems and for their performance in terms of continuous output power, efficiency, and losses. Additionally, some other test procedures are discussed that are applicable to a V2G vehicle that desires to provide power reserve functions. A few sample test results are provided based on testing of prototype V2G vehicles at NREL.

关键词：电子信息；电子；汽车电网；互联

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This presentation describes the current status of the DOE's Energy Storage R and D program, including modeling and design tools and the Computer-Aided Engineering for Automotive Batteries (CAEBAT) program.

关键词：电子信息；计算机；锂电池；工程设计；汽车电池；电池建模软件

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