An EGR system helps recirculate gases from the exhaust system in an automotive engine. The EGR system valve opens when it encounters pressure from a vehicle's exhaust and sends back the exhaust gas into the combustion chamber. The primary function of an EGR system is to reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel in an automotive engine, and thus reduce production of NOx during engine operation. In gasoline engines, the EGR system also reduces fuel consumption by de-throttling the engine at partial load. At present, the adoption of EGR systems has increased because of stringent government regulations regarding the emission of harmful gases, such as NOx, and PM.

关键词：EGR系统；再循环；排气系统；汽车发动机；减少；燃料的燃烧温度

查看摘要 索取原文[88页]

Cervical cancer diagnostic tests detect the presence of precancerous or cancerous lesions in the cervix of a woman. These diagnostic tests include blood tests, biopsy of the lesion, medical imaging, and others. Pap smear and HPV tests are employed for the initial screening of cervical cancer. Upon positive results, colposcopy and biopsy are performed to confirm the diagnosis. The patient is then subjected to imaging tests to establish the stage of the cervical cancer.

关键词：宫颈癌诊断测试；检测癌前；癌性病变；血液测试；病变的活组织检查；医疗成像；巴氏涂片；HPV测试

查看摘要 索取原文[103页]

Laser cutting machines provide an effective and efficient process for manufacturing components with complex geometry. These machines help manufacturers to cut materials ranging from steel to plastics with precision, which helps them to develop products with a high level of versatility. Laser cutting machines are equipped with high-power lasers that can vaporize materials, thereby eliminating the need for tool-based machining. Because of such advantages, the adoption of laser cutting machines has increased among companies across industries such as Automotive, Aerospace and Defense, Electrical and Electronics, Industrial Machinery, Healthcare, Plastics, Textiles, and Wood Working. In addition, laser cutting machines minimize production delays which can occur with other machinery available in the market.

关键词：激光切割机；有效；高效；工艺流程；削减材料

查看摘要 索取原文[78页]

Foot and ankle devices are used for the treatment of injuries caused by accidents and falls or orthopedic disorders of the feet and ankles such as arthritis, hammertoes, bunions, and diabetic foot with the help of surgical procedures. In the case of amputations, prosthetics play a significant role in providing mobility to the patients. Foot and ankle devices are considered to be integral to the growth of the Global Orthopedic industry.

关键词：足踝装置；治疗损伤；关节炎；槌；囊炎；足部外科手术；足踝设备

查看摘要 索取原文[75页]

An automotive seatbelt pre-tensioner, a passive safety system, is activated when the installed sensors detect a rapid deceleration during an accident. It is used to manage an occupant's energy in a crash by pulling the driver and front-seat passenger firmly into their seats, thereby reducing the occupant's load in a violent crash. Automotive seatbelt pre-tensioners tighten the seatbelt during the first few fractions of a second in a crash. The Global Automotive Seatbelt Pretensioners market is growing steadily. With a rise in the global automobile production, the demand for automotive safety systems has recently gained momentum, and this demand is expected to further increase during the forecast period. In 2013, the market was dominated by the APAC region, followed by the Americas and the EMEA region. The Global Automotive Seatbelt Pre-tensioners market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.31 percent during the forecast period.

关键词：汽车；安全带；预张紧器；传感器；检测急减速；汽车安全系统

查看摘要 索取原文[60页]

Capnography is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases, which is an integral part of anesthetic and critical respiratory care. Capnography provides information about CO2 production, alveolar ventilation, and elimination of CO2 from the anesthesia circuit, thereby revealing the respiratory pattern. This information is vital as it is a quick and reliable method to detect acute conditions such as ventilatory failure, malposition of tracheal tubes, defective breathing circuits, and circulatory failure in both intubated and non-intubated patients.Organizations such as the ASA and the APSF have been recommending the use of capnography devices in an increasing number of situations in hospitals and surgical centers.

关键词：二氧化碳；浓度监测仪；麻醉；关键呼吸道；护理；ASA；APSF

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method used to measure the arterial blood oxygen saturation level of a patient. Pulse oximetry works on the principle of spectrophotometry, and makes use of the pulsating nature of the arterial blood flow and light absorptive characteristics of Hb. Using a pulse oximeter, hypoxia (a condition in which the supply of oxygen to the body or a region of the body is inadequate) can be detected before patients become clinically cyanosed. Pulse oximeters are used by patients with respiratory or cardiac problems, especially COPD, and for the diagnosis of sleep apnea and hypopnea. The equipment consists of a probe containing two diodes emitting light of two different wavelengths, infrared and red. The light is transmitted through parts of the body such as a finger or earlobe. The oxygenated Hb absorbs more of the infrared light and the deoxygenated Hb absorbs more of the red light. By calculating the amount of absorption, the sensor in the pulse oximeter computes the proportion of oxygenated Hb in the blood and displays it digitally on the screen.

关键词：脉搏血氧饱和度；测量；动脉血氧饱和度；分光光度法；动脉血流；血红蛋白

查看摘要 索取原文[67页]

An electrophysiology device studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues by measuring changes in the voltages of various biological cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole. These devices are used for diagnostic as well as treatment purposes because of the abnormal electrical properties of cells and tissues of affected systems of the body. Some of the electrophysiology devices that are used for diagnostic purposes include ECG devices, ECoG devices, ERG devices, EOG devices, EMG devices, EEG devices, diagnostic electrophysiolog catheters, and X-ray systems. Electrophysiology diagnostic devices are used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities such as AF and tachycardia, as well as neurological, muscular, and retinal disorders. Electrophysiology devices used for treatment purposes include ICDs, cardiac pacemakers, CRT, and ablation catheters.

关键词：电装置；细胞和组织；电特性；测量；诊断以及治疗

查看摘要 索取原文[134页]

Smart energy meters are next-generation meters that provide precise readings of electricity consumption and are generally installed in households or in enterprises to maintain detailed statistics of energy consumption. A smart energy meter works as an electrical meter that measures and provides feedback of the power consumed to the electricity supplier. Customers find these meters useful because they can monitor the amount of power used. Two-way communication capability is the most important feature of smart energy meters, which enables the parties involved (consumers and electricity suppliers) to track the energy consumed on a real-time basis. Some of the advantages of smart energy meters are: electricity suppliers can produce more accurate bills as these meters send details of the energy used; consumers can control the power consumed and monitor their power consumption habits; and smart energy meters help reduce carbon emissions.

关键词：智能电能表；电力；精确读数；能量消耗；统计信息

查看摘要 索取原文[77页]

Elderly and disabled assistive devices enable the elderly and disabled population to carry out their everyday activities that involve movement, hearing, and reading with ease. The devices are designed for the elderly and disabled population to live more independently with a good quality of life. The devices include both simple and complex products in design. For instance, wheelchairs, crutches, and mobility scooters are among the simplest in design, while reading machines, hearing aids, and transfer lifts are much more complex in design.

关键词：老年人；残疾人；辅助设备；涉及运动；听力；阅读轻松；良好；独立生活；生活质量

查看摘要 索取原文[70页]