To provide efficient public transportation services in areas with high demand variability over time, it may be desirable to switch vehicles between conventional services (with fixed routes and schedules) during peak periods and flexible route service during low demand periods. We call this possibility a variable-type service. In this research project we compare conventional, flexible and variable-type service alternatives optimized for various conditions in order to explore when variable-type bus services might be preferable to pure ones. The optimization models used for purely conventional or flexible services are adapted from previous studies. These models are integrated into a new model for optimizing variable-type bus services. The results of sensitivity analyses show how the demand variability over time and other factors affect the relative effectiveness of conventional, flexible and variable-type bus services.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；路线整合

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互联网的发展正影响着这个世界的发展，而数字阅读，作为互联网信息技术发展的产物，正渐渐改变着传统的读物出版方式以及人们的阅读习惯。在数字浪潮席卷而来的今天，数字阅读给人们带来的影响已不单停留于知识的取，更多的是一种文化的孕育、兴趣的激发或者生活的享受等。在数字阅读的新环境下，阅读内容开始变得扩大化，阅读终端开始变得多元化，阅读渠道开始变得多样化，可以说，我们正朝着一个全新的阅读时代在迈进。随着信息技术的发展以及各种硬件成本的降低，数字阅读将凭借其庞大的用户数量和广阔的市场前景得到进一步的发展。然而，数字阅读最终能否完全取代传统的纸质阅读？人们究竟会不会愿意为“快餐阅读”模式付费买单？这些问题都需要时间来进一步验证。在此背景下，艾瑞推出了《2012-2013年中国数字阅读用户行为研究报告》，该份报告主要通过对于中国数字阅读用户行为进行分析，研究各种因素对于数字阅读用户阅读行为的影响。

关键词：数字阅读用户；阅读行为分析；支付行为分析

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The optimization of the real-time operations associated with a bus system is formulated under a hybrid predictive control (HPC) approach. Both the objective function and the predictive model are essential for HPC design. For the sake of simplicity, in this work, the HPC framework is constructed for a single-loop bus system, although it could be extended to more complex systems according to a similar modeling framework. The system is represented in Fig. 4.1. The network is a one-way loop route with P equidistant stops and b buses running around the loop under the control of the dispatcher.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；运营决策

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Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower average costs and provides user-friendly door-to-door service. Bus size is interrelated with service type since large buses have lower average cost per passenger than small buses at high demand densities, and vice versa. The service type and vehicle size decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major terminal to local regions. Bus sizes, conventional route spacing and flexible service area are the decision variables in a proposed algorithm which optimizes a multi-dimensional nonlinear integer optimization problem. Numerical analysis shows how the proposed Variable Mode & Multiple Fleets Operation can reduce total cost compared to a Single Fleet & Single Mode operation. The sensitivity of results to important parameters is explored.

关键词：电子信息；系统；公共交通；路线整合

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手机上网用户男女比例渐均衡，男性占比为56.6%，女性占比为43.4%。中年以上用户（40岁以上）也开始接纳手机上网，占比为13.0%，手机上网开始向全年龄段用户渗透；手机上网用户呈现学历高、专业性强等特点，大学本科以上学历者占到60.8%。企业管理人员、专业技术人员占比达到43.1%； 手机上网用户由整体网民中的中、高收入群体优先转化；受制于各地区经济发展不均衡，手机上网用户呈现在沿海、经济较发达地区分布密集，在内陆、经济欠发达地区分布较少的特点；用户习惯每天多次在碎片时间进行手机上网；手机端与Pad端上网行为异质化，用户在Pad端的上网活动较手机端更为丰富；客户端应用对手机浏览器的入口效应分流明显，这种分流效果，学生用户比非学生用户明显，高收入人群比低收入人群明显； 开源操作系统在手机端市场占据优势，Android系统占61.9%；低价位手机占据半壁江山，使用2000元以下手机终端的用户占到49.5%，运营商格局未有改变；手机上网用户终端品牌呈现三大梯队。

关键词：手机上网；用户行为；终端研究

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Service providers rely on industrial control systems (ICS) to manage the flow of water at dams, open breakers on power grids, control ventilation and cooling in nuclear power plants, and more. In today's interconnected environment, this can present a serious cyber security challenge. To combat this growing challenge, government, private industry, and academia are working together to reduce cyber risks. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a key contributor to the Department of Energy National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Control Systems Security Program (CSSP), both of which focus on improving the overall security posture of ICS in the national critical infrastructure. In support of the NSTB, INL hosts a dedicated SCADA testing facility which consists of multiple control systems supplied by leading national and international manufacturers. Within the test bed, INL researchers systematically examine control system components and work to identify vulnerabilities. In support of the CSSP, INL develops and conducts training courses which are designed to increase awareness and defensive capabilities for IT/Control System professionals. These trainings vary from web-based cyber security trainings for control systems engineers to more advanced hands-on training that culminates with a Red Team/ Blue Team exercise that is conducted within an actual control systems environment. INL also provides staffing and operational support to the DHS Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT) Security Operations Center which responds to and analyzes control systems cyber incidents across the 18 US critical infrastructure sectors.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；网络工业控制系统；测试

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In the wake of the attack of 9/11, the United States government recognized that the manner in which threats and information were conveyed was extremely inefficient, and in many cases completely nonfunctional due to disparate data failing to become accurately coalesced. This is especially true within the area of intermodal cargo shipping. Our research explores and seeks to inform the development of requirements for an information sharing system amongst harbor cargo operators engaged in intermodal shipping. Through interviews conducted of the Naval Postgraduate School's Multimodal Information Sharing Team's (MIST's) federal and local partners, careful examination of existing MIST findings, and research into best practices in information system design, we seek to provide an analysis of current needs and recommendations for improvements to communications about threats to intermodal shipping. Our qualitative findings, found through interviewing communication systems operators and users, indicate that the generalized lack of trust has created limits to communication that have manifested themselves in different electronic solutions that appear to have been developed without direct input from operators. We also find that there exist overland enterprises (e.g., trucking industry) that lack the motivation to provide funding for improved communications infrastructure. Future research efforts may include further identification of communication barriers (e.g., costs) to improve shared communications systems.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；港务；信息共享

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Pay TV refers to TV services whereby the viewer's pay a subscription fee to watch a particular channel. Pay TV operators provide services such as data, video, and voice services as per the requirements of viewers. In addition, pay TV operators provide games, movies, and contents matching the requirements of various demographics.

关键词：付费电视；电视服务；支付订阅费；特定通道；数据；视频；语音服务

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Labels are primarily printed pieces of paper, film, polymer, or other materials affixed to a product, or imprinted on the package or the body of a product, which contains important information about the product and the company. There are different types of labels available in the market that has different features, such as pressure-sensitive, in-mold, and heat-shrink labels. Often the terms "packaging" and "labeling" are used together as each package contains a label, or is always labeled. Hence, numerous manufacturers in this market are also engaged in the production of packaging products to meet increasing consumer needs. Digital labels are currently gaining popularity in many retail outlets. The numerous new products launched by vendors are attracting players to adapt technologically advanced label products, which is positively influencing the growth of the market.

关键词：标签；产品；公司信息；功能；生产包装产品；消费需求；数字标签

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Cybercrime is costly both for businesses and consumers. Criminals can have different purposes, such as financial winnings, defacement and disruption, which not only cause financial loss but also damage organization's reputation and image. To prevent a number of cybercrimes and simple mistakes, such as not insuring that all traffic into and out of a network pass through firewall, security of e-commerce systems should be considered from the very beginning, i.e. early stage of the e-commerce software development. This is due to software vulnerabilities are a huge security problem. Therefore, to enhance security of e-commerce software, we propose the use of multi-agent system. The research in this paper is focused mainly on the design of agents that provide support to engineers during development process. Moreover, the multi-agent system, presented in this research, supports implementation of patterns and extraction of security information, and provides traceability of security requirements in the engineering process.

关键词：电子信息；信息安全；网络安全；电子商务；软件系统

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