Electricity trading enhances grid stability, encourages competition, reduces prices, and makes renewable energy integration easier in global energy markets. Electricity trading refers to the buying and selling of electricity among participants in the electricity industry, such as independent power producers, open-access consumers, and municipality-owned utilities. Various forms of electricity trading are possible depending on market design, ranging from short-term trading to long-term trading. Electricity can be traded on exchanges, over the counter (OTC) with an intermediary, and directly OTC with no intermediary.