Bitumen is a black, sticky, and highly viscous form of petroleum that is primarily used in road construction and waterproofing applications. It is composed of complex hydrocarbons and forms naturally or as a residue from crude oil refining. Bitumen acts as a binder in asphalt, holding aggregates together to form durable road surfaces. It has excellent waterproofing and adhesive properties, making it suitable for roofing and sealing products. The material softens when heated, allowing it to be spread and compacted, then hardens upon cooling, providing structural strength. Its performance is influenced by temperature and traffic load, so different grades are used depending on environmental conditions. Bitumen is recyclable, making it a sustainable choice in modern construction.