E-learning refers to learning facilitated by electronic gadgets such as PCs, notebooks, and tablets. E-learning is backed by ICT that enables 24/7 learning for users from any access point. The e-learning curriculum includes archived and real-time information. There is no single standard e-learning method used in the Education market. Differentiation is primarily on the type of content delivered and the mode of instruction, which could be classroom based, virtual, or in a blended learning environment. Generic e-learning courses are standard courses offered by service providers, educational institutions, and experts. These courses are prepared as per the standard curriculum, which would be largely universal for a given subject or topic. They are available through the payment of fees or can be accessed through subscriptions. Educational institutions adopt these courses to aid in higher education. In the Corporate, Skilled, and Vocational Training sectors, the content is used for providing generic, functional, and processrelated training.

Classrooms that are technology-enabled are known as smart classrooms. These classrooms are equipped with hardware and software that improve the dissemination of knowledge. Recently, several changes have been witnessed in learning and teaching methodologies. Smart classrooms have transformed teaching from a traditional process to an advanced learning process by using an array of audio-visual tools that allow teachers to communicate easily. Smart classrooms use interactive modules, videos, and presentations to improve the teaching process and engage students with the use of multi-media technologies. Increased dependence on digitization of education has forced governments in various countries to take initiatives and introduce computers to facilitate learning through new mechanisms and attain international education standards. This has increased the demand for educational PCs and smart classrooms.

Machine translation is a process of translating a word from one language to another. It is one of the sub-fields of computational linguistics, which deals with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language, which arises, unpremeditated, in our minds. Machine translation enables speedy translation of several documents or contents, increasing a user's productivity. It is a costeffective method employed by companies to create multilingual content for a global website. Vendors in the market have started developing machine translation software that uses statistical translation techniques to improve the accuracy of the translation process.

An LMS is a software application used to plan, deliver, and manage the learning process. It uses web-based technology to manage, administer, track, report on the delivery of, and evaluate the performance of participants.

Corporate training is an integral part of a successful organization's discretionary budget. The primary objective of this training is to reduce both technical and non-technical capability gaps, as well as to groom eligible employees to move up the company's hierarchy. Intensified competition has pushed organizations into business diversification regionally and internationally, increasing the need for proper training and development of the workforce. Hence, it presents an opportunity for training solution providers to offer products and services related to training. The scope for training is widening, with the adoption of such products by SMBs in addition to large organizations. The training programs are finding applications at managerial and leadership levels, which will further expand the market.

Self-paced e-learning refers to a type of learning whereby learners study at their own pace and convenience. Learning is achieved despite time and place constraints. Students have flexible courses and assignment completion dates. Self-paced e-learning comprises standard packaged content and other related services such as audio/video tutorials and classroom rograms, either independently or under the guidance of mentors. In the past couple of years, the market for self-paced products and services has been growing exponentially with increased applications in various customer segments ranging from students and corporates to government officials. Over time, these methods of procuring self-paced e-learning products have evolved and are currently classified into blended learning, synchronous learning, and asynchronous learning.

Online language learning comprises digital content and products that facilitate the learning of languages through ICT tools, which include mobile apps, activities, e-Books, games, videos audio clips, digital software, learning lab equipment, and online tutoring. These tools are interactive, allow real-time feedback, and enhance learning processes as they involve different formats. Among the many languages spoken globally, English has emerged as the most preferred language to learn, after Mandarin Chinese.

In order to study the benefits of metacognition with OCTAL, we authored a concept map and question set for topics from UC Berkeley's CS10: The Beauty and Joy of Computing. We presented the tool to the students of the course between their first and second midterm exams during the spring of 2014. In the study, we found no statistically significant changes in metacognition among participants who used the tool. However, analysis of participant usage of the tool reveals differences in the way learners approach concepts presented to them in a list versus in a graph. In particular, while users often followed a list of concepts in-order, learners that navigated a graph explored concepts in clusters.