2014 年以来，经济基本面对煤炭需求的拉动力度整体偏弱，煤炭进口高位波动，由于下游需求不振、煤炭价格持续下跌，中小煤矿全面复产可能性较小，煤炭供给低位波动，煤炭供求处于基本平衡、略显宽松的格局。3 月以后，随着气温回升，北方取暖结束，季节性需求明显走低，同时部分地方煤矿复产，煤炭供给有所反弹，煤炭供求逐步宽松方向发展，甚或面临较大过剩压力。展望2014 年全年，从煤炭需求看，我国经济企稳回升态势明显，预计2014 年仍将保持7.5%左右的增速。考虑国家不断加大大气污染治理力度，京津冀、长三角和珠三角等主要煤炭消费地区需求将受到抑制，但替代能源技术成熟度和经济可行性有待进一步提升，全国煤炭需求将继续保持小幅增长，全年煤炭消费量约为36.65 亿吨，同比增长1.5%左右。

2013 年下半年以来，受宏观经济缓慢复苏叠加南方高温的影响，全社会用电量增速持续回升，全年全社会用电量5.32 万亿千瓦时、同比增长7.5%，增速比上年提高1.9 个百分点，电力供需总体平衡。展望2014 年，我国经济仍将继续保持平稳较快增长态势，对电力需求产生带动作用。但是，随着未来环保压力的加大，同时在加快结构调整、化解过剩产能背景下，我国淘汰落后产能步伐将会加快，必将对用电需求增长产生一定抑制，而第二产业用电量仍将保持低速增长，也对全社会用电量增速产生影响。预计2014 年我国全社会用电量较2013 年略有回落，同比增长7.0%左右。

2014年1-2月份，电力行业整体运行平稳，全国电力供需平衡。具体来看，电力行业投资规模继续扩大，电源、电网投资继续分化，电力投资继续向电网投资倾斜；全社会发电量增速同比回升，但仍处于较低水平；全社会用电量增速放缓，但用电结构继续优化，第三产业和城乡居民生活用电量占比较上年末均有所提高。另外，电力行业经营状况依旧较好，利润总额保持较快增长。

this report identifies how biomass is projected to be most economically used in the long term and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum use. In order to better understand competition for biomass between these markets and the potential for biofuel as a market-scale alternative to petroleum-based fuels, this report presents results of a micro-economic analysis conducted using the Biomass Allocation and Supply Equilibrium (BASE) modeling tool. The findings indicate that biofuels can outcompete biopower for feedstocks in mature markets if research and development targets are met. The BASE tool was developed for this project to analyze the impact of multiple biomass demand areas on mature energy markets.

UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, assembled a comprehensive team for a two-year project to demonstrate innovative methods for the stabilization of pyrolysis oil in accordance with DOE Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) DE-PS36-08GO98018, Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Stabilization. In collaboration with NREL, PNNL, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Pall Fuels and Chemicals, and Ensyn Corporation, UOP developed solutions to the key technical challenges outlined in the FOA. The UOP team proposed a multi-track technical approach for pyrolysis oil stabilization. Conceptually, methods for pyrolysis oil stabilization can be employed during one or both of two stages: (1) during the pyrolysis process (In Process); or (2) after condensation of the resulting vapor (Post-Process). Stabilization methods fall into two distinct classes: those that modify the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil, making it less reactive; and those that remove destabilizing components from the pyrolysis oil. During the project, the team investigated methods from both classes that were suitable for application in each stage of the pyrolysis process. The post processing stabilization effort performed at PNNL is described in this report.

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).

Presentation on real-time imaging of plant cell wall structure at nanometer scale. Objectives are to develop tools to measure biomass at the nanometer scale; elucidate the molecular bases of biomass deconstruction; and identify factors that affect the conversion efficiency of biomass-to-biofuels.

The potential silica nanospring (NS) supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-NS) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated, and the results were compared with those of a conventional silica gel supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-gel). Co/SiO2-gel and Co/SiO2-NS catalysts were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method and a thermal assisted reduction process, respectively, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and H2-temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR). The catalysts were evaluated for their conversion of syngas to products in a quartz fix-bed micro-reactor (230 DGC, atm pressure). The FTS products were trapped and characterized by GC-MS to determine conversion efficiency. The products (alkanes) for both catalysts ranged from C1 to C21 and would be a suitable substrate for diesel. The results show that the NS approach for a FTS catalyst support shows promise for generating fuels from syngas.

This paper focuses on the patterns of farmers choices regarding dedicated perennial lignocellulosic energy crops. Throughout this paper we use the term perennial as shorthand for warm season grasses such as those in the genus Panicum or Miscanthus, or short rotation tree crops such as those in the genus Populus or Salix. We focus on choices about these perennial crops because two thirds of the mandated advanced biofuels are expected to be converted at biorefineries from perennials (USDA 2010). RFS2 establishes the goals, but not mechanisms for achieving them. Mechanisms and incentives, however, are embedded in other legislation and programs.

This project provides critical innovations and fundamental understandings that enable development of an economically-viable process for catalytic conversion of biomass (sugar) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A low-cost ionic liquid (Cyphos 106) is discovered for fast conversion of fructose into HMF under moderate reaction conditions without any catalyst. HMF yield from fructose is almost 100on the carbon molar basis. Adsorbent materials and adsorption process are invented and demonstrated for separation of 99pure HMF product and recovery of the ionic liquid from the reaction mixtures. The adsorbent material appears very stable in repeated adsorption/regeneration cycles. Novel membrane-coated adsorbent particles are made and demonstrated to achieve excellent adsorption separation performances at low pressure drops.

These studies show when using IH2 technology, biomass can be converted directly to transportation quality fuel blending components for the same capital cost required for pyrolysis alone, and a fraction of the cost of pyrolysis plus upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Technoeconomic work for IH2 and lifecycle analysis (LCA) work has also been completed as part of this DOE study and shows IH2 technology can convert biomass to gasoline and diesel blending components for less than $2.00/gallon with greater than 90reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the work completed in this DOE project, a joint development agreement was reached with CRI Catalyst Company to license the IH2 technology.

Endophytic fungi have been shown to produce a range of moderate-molecular weight hydrocarbons (volatile organic compounds-VOC) directly from cellulosic biomass without any pretreatment. These organisms have the capacity to alter their VOC profile as a function of carbon source. We cultured a number of these fungi on potential biofuel biomass (corn stove, eucalyptus and switchgrass) as the sole carbon source and their growth rates were compared to potato dextrose agar. We then performed a VOC profile of the biomass-supported fungal cultures. Our findings are an important first step in developing industrial hosts (microbes or fungi) with both biomass deconstruction and fuel synthesis pathways.

Manure-based biomass (MBB) has the potential to be a source of green energy at large coal-fired power plants and on smaller-scale combustion systems at or near confined animal feeding operations. Although MBB particularly cattle biomass (CB) is a low quality fuel with an inferior heat value compared to coal and other fossil fuels, the concentration of it at large animal feeding operations can make it a viable source of fuel. The overall objective of this interdisciplinary proposal is to develop environmentally benign technologies to convert low-value inventories of dairy and beef cattle biomass into renewable energy. Current research expands the suite of technologies by which cattle biomass (CB: manure, and premature mortalities) could serve as a renewable alternative to fossil fuel.

2014年是贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会精神、全面深化改革的开局之年，重新组建的国家能源局将加强电力项目建设的后续监管，做好2013年已经部署开展的重点专项监管的组织实施工作，并继续加强对电力市场建设与市场秩序的监管工作。与此同时，在十八届三中全会《决定》精神的指导下，电力体制改革有望进一步深化，大用户直购电作为电力市场化的突破口继续扩大基本成为大概率事件，电价形成机制改革将持续推进，而输配分开改革也或将破冰。但是，电力企业的混合所有制改革仍存在一定难度。此外，电力行业节能减排形势依然严峻，火电发展将受限，而清洁能源发电仍将成为政策扶持重点，相关管理与发展政策将会继续出台，电源结构将随之优化。