低空经济发展中，中美两国领先态势明显。美国凭借强大的通用航空产业及附属行业，积累了丰富经验，在航线规划、飞行器设计等关键领域占据优势。而中国在通用航空与无人机领域同样具备强劲竞争力，拥有完整制造业体系，无人机研发设计、装备制造等环节全球领先。中国低空经济发展展现出后发优势，能快速铺开适配低空”飞行特点的基础设施。日韩及欧盟国家也培育出一批专注于特定行业的无人机企业。自2021年《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》首次提出“发展低空经济”以来，中国支持无人机发展的政。

Smart plugs transform ordinary appliances into smart appliances. They are cost-effective alternatives for smart appliances. Technology is expected to have a high penetration among Millennials. The use of and dependence on devices that can be controlled remotely through a wireless connection is increasing globally, which is a key factor that is driving the growth of the global smart plug market. The need for connectivity is increasing, especially because it allows consumers to control different types of devices and perform tasks remotely. Smart appliances depend on wireless technologies like ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, and NFC, as well as the Internet of Things (IoT) and operating systems (OS) like iOS, Android, Azure, and Tizen for command and control by end-users.

A sonobuoy is a small, expendable sonar system used primarily by naval forces to detect underwater objects such as submarines. Deployed from aircraft or ships, it floats on the ocean surface while its sensors descend underwater to transmit acoustic data back to operators via radio signals. Sonobuoys are essential tools in anti-submarine warfare (ASW), enabling real-time tracking and surveillance of underwater threats. They come in various types, including passive (listening only) and active (sending and receiving sound pulses), and are designed for short-term use in tactical operations.

Social robots are autonomous robots designed to interact and communicate with humans in a socially acceptable manner. They are equipped with advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and communication capabilities to understand and respond to human emotions, speech, and actions. These robots are often used in various settings, such as healthcare, education, customer service, and companionship, to assist, entertain, and engage with people.

X-ray equipment refers to medical imaging devices that use controlled ionizing radiation to create images of internal body structures, aiding in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. These systems include stationary, portable, digital, and analog machines for clinical and diagnostic applications.

A smart home camera is a stand-alone camera that connects to the Internet and can record and simultaneously stream video through the Internet Protocol (IP) network that can be accessed remotely by using smart gadgets such as smartphones and tablets, and PCs (Desktops) and Laptops. The video can be saved to a memory card (if any) installed in the camera device and other digital devices (PCs, laptops, smartphones, and tablets).

Semiconductor equipment refers to the machinery and tools used in the production of semiconductor devices. This equipment is essential for various stages of semiconductor manufacturing, including wafer fabrication, assembly, and testing.

Refurbished medical imaging equipment refers to devices that have been repaired, refined, and restored to their original condition without altering the product specifications. This process includes replacing worn or damaged parts with original components, updating software to the latest version, cosmetic enhancements like cleaning and painting, functional checks and repairs, calibration for optimal performance, and testing against original or revised release criteria. The critical difference between refurbished and used equipment lies in the systematic restoration of refurbished devices to meet the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications and safety standards.

Wearables technologies refer to electronic technologies that are embedded in wearables, such as smart bands, smartwatches, smart clothing, and smart rings. Wearable electronic devices are equipped with miniaturized electronic devices such as microchips and sensors, enabling them to perform computing tasks. The electronic devices embedded in wearables collect data and track activities, allowing the wearers to access information in real-time. The scope of the report includes smart bands, smartwatches, smart rings, wireless headphones, smart glasses, smart clothing, and head-mounted displays (HMDs).

Smart home appliances are devices that are equipped with advanced technologies to connect to a network, often through Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, allowing remote control, automation, and enhanced functionality. These appliances often integrate with platforms like smartphones, tablets, or voice assistants to perform tasks efficiently and provide convenience, energy savings, or improved security.

Smart doorbells are defined as Internet-connected doorbells that notify homeowners when a guest arrives at the door. Users can view the person at the door from a smartphone or tablet. The smart doorbell is activated when the guest presses the doorbell. The user is informed of the presence of the guest through in-built motion sensors. Users can receive constant alerts about actionable security risks or other key events. Smart doorbells support the feature of two-way audio communication with visitors via wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee networks.

自特斯拉开发 Optimus 人形机器人以来，灵巧手研发一直是核心重点方向，马斯克曾指出其工程量占整机开发的一半。触觉传感器作为灵巧手的关键组成，成为 Optimus 灵巧手优化的重点方向。视触觉技术是一种融合光学成像与触觉感知的传感方法，其核心原理是通过捕捉弹性材料与物体接触时的微观形变，将其转化为高分辨率触觉信息。特斯拉坚持“视觉为主”的感知路线，其核心需求是机器人能够在未标注、复杂环境中抓取和操作各种零件和工具，视触觉及相关多模态触觉技术最为匹配，因此灵巧手很可能采用视触觉方案。

灵巧手是人形机器人末端执行器核心解决方案。灵巧手以人手为模仿对象，集成驱动系统、传动系统、感知系统，灵活性较强，但是成本更高并且可靠性和易维护性较低。灵巧手与夹爪的核心差异在于灵巧手具有更高的自由度，能够进行更复杂的抓取操作，但是对算法模型的泛化能力提出了更高的要求。夹爪泛化能力有限但是稳定性高，适合工业应用场景。我们认为灵巧手泛化能力强，适配更复杂的应用场景，是人形机器人的优选解决方案。 

机器人解决方案带来供应链效率提升，物料搬运有望迎来智能化重塑仓储自动化不仅是物料存储和搬运的自动化，更是企业打通生产、仓储与配送各环节的信息与物料流通瓶颈，推动全流程高度协同与无人化发展。数字化不仅让企业对自身供应链更有把握，也更加了解客户需求，更有针对性的为客户提供适配的产品和服务。据中国仓储协会数据，企业平均每年在仓储环节的投入占总运营成本的 18-25%，因此机器人解决方案在下游客户追求企业效率提升和降本下有望持续提升渗透率。但同时由于仓储覆盖的行业和环节众多，因此智能仓储解决方案的参与者较多，我们重点看好研发+制造+渠道能力三者协同发展的企业发展机遇。