Over the past few decades, the pharmaceutical packaging panorama has seen a lot of changes and transformations. The launch of new technologies has lined the way for pharma packaging companies to discover more advanced solutions, enhance their procedures, and drive proficiencies across the supply chain. In the early days, glass medical and drug bottles were common and less costly to manufacture. However, plastic bottles were effective but very costly to produce on a mass scale.

Some of the latest medical technologies are fostering the development of new healthcare models that will benefit insured patients and the healthcare insurance sector. New technologies can improve disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and enhance patient safety and health system coordination. Also, advanced medical technologies optimize the use of resources, ensure sustainability, and reduce waiting times and errors. Rapid and reliable Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have emerged as vital components in improving the quality of human health. The use of several healthcare technologies has contributed to the development of different applications in various health coverage programs, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, e-prescription, and revenue cycle management.

The research provides an overview of all the M&As and divestitures in the medtech industry during the study period. The M&As focus on three primary areas: The clinical specialty areas where the M&As occur. The purpose behind these deals. The impact of the consolidated landscape on healthcare providers, payers, patients, and other market players.

Medical grade tubing is a product designed for a number of applications that enable clinicians to perform several tasks, which normally include disposable applications such as medical catheters, IV sets, irrigation, drainage, and intravenous (IV) delivery. The applications are considered for medical applications such as abrasion protection, drug delivery, bulk disposable tubing, catheters, special applications, and other applications such as arthroscopy, endoscopy, and laparoscopy.

The global healthcare information technology sector has witnessed strong growth in recent years. Digitization and new technological opportunities have played a major role in driving the growth of the sector. Also, the healthcare IT sector includes a broad range of products and solutions, which are widely contributing to the efficiency and effectiveness of the global healthcare infrastructure. Several industry trends that are fueling the demand for products and services across the healthcare IT industry include Artificial Intelligence (AI), telehealth services, individualized medical care, virtual reality, automation, and digitalization.

Diagnostics is an integral part of medical decision-making -- aid in acquiring information for a wide range of treatment dissemination, accentuating their criticality in healthcare. Molecular diagnostics has a critical role in precision medicine approach, as it ensures safe and effective application of targeted therapeutics. A majority of the players in the global molecular diagnostics market offer products encompassing the kits and reagents, instruments, and software categories. Also, several diagnostics and pharmaceutical companies are working collaboratively to develop NGS, PCR, IHC, ISH, microarray, nucleic acid amplification-, or mass spectrometry-based molecular diagnostics for the applications in several disease indications in order to enable efficient diagnosis, treatment selection, dosage selection, and treatment monitoring. Applications of molecular diagnostics primarily include infectious diseases, cancer, genetic testing, and women’s health, among others.

As per the scope of the study, conventional microscopes are surgical or operating microscopes that are designed to be used in surgical procedures, typically to perform microscopic surgeries. The system is an optical instrument that offers the surgeon or user high-quality, stereoscopic, illuminated, and magnified images of the surgical area.

The study defines cancer microbiome as the aggregate of microorganisms living in or on the human body along with their genomes that are influencing cancer manifestation and progression. Cancer microbiome sequencing has increasingly become an area of interest for the research community, which has the potential to revolutionize cancer care, largely due to studies that have significantly correlated the microbiome’s involvement in cancer manifestation. This study aims at deciphering the potential of the cancer microbiome sequencing and its larger role in bolstering the current era of precision medicine.

The global microbiome therapeutics market has witnessed significant growth, attributed to the increasing demand for therapeutic microbiomes imparting lesser side effects compared with the pre-existing standard of care. An underlying increase in the ongoing research and development activities pertaining to the clinical development of different microbiome therapeutics for a variety of indications is the key driver for the growth of the global microbiome therapeutics market.

Cybersecurity is a continuously developing industry, and it impacts all the sectors across the globe. Organizations are moving from integrated security teams to communicating the responsibilities with the application teams, and the industry has put added focus on partnership and the communication of information in the community to make certain the highest level of possible efficacy. Today, ransomware, fileless malware, and nation-state attacks dominate the cybersecurity conversation. Companies are shifting from previously reactive stances to more proactive ones. Real-time threat analysis, breach detection, and predictive modeling signal a significant shift away from information security toward intelligent security. Since 2014, new and creative strategies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and behavioral detection have been employed by new players in the industry to great effect. As cyberattacks continue to progress and become more complicated, the cybersecurity industry faces new challenges as it looks to employ cutting-edge technology and techniques to fight the ever-present threat of malicious activity.

On January 8, 2020, a pathogen of severe unexplained viral pneumonia was identified by sequencing and tentatively named the novel (new) coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV). On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially named 2019-n CoV as SARS-CoV-2. On the same day, WHO officially named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Till now, about 4.18 million cases have been confirmed in 211 countries and territories such as the US and Southeast Asia, including severe and instances of death.

Disinfecting is a procedure that uses chemicals/disinfectants to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common disinfectants include bleach and alcohol-based solutions. Disinfectants are usually left on target surfaces and objects for a certain period to kill germs. Also, the task of sanitizing can involve either cleaning or disinfecting or both. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sanitizing refers to lowering the number of germs on the surface to a safe level. The safe level depends on public health standards or requirements at workplaces, such as healthcare facilities. Some common ways of disinfecting and sanitizing include mopping a floor using a mop with disinfectants and water, disinfectant wipes or hand sanitizers, and others.

CRISPR is a technology that is used in gene editing enabling researchers and scientists globally to alter DNA sequence and modify gene function with ease. CRISPR gene editing was adopted from the antivirus immunity system of single-celled microorganisms, namely archaea and bacteria. Fragments of alien DNA, known as a spacer, are incorporated and transcribed into guide crRNA (CRISPR RNAs) to specifically target and cleave the genome of the virus and other foreign bodies using Cas proteins. In other words, the CRISPR/Cas9 system directs the Cas9 nuclease to form a site-directed double-strand DNA break using a small RNA molecule that results in permanent alterations of the genomic target sequence and repair the damage caused to DNA. These components, when transferred into more complex organisms, enable gene editing or modifications.

Diagnostics is an important and integral part of healthcare that is used both for medical examinations and for planning and monitoring the treatment of sick patients. Hematology is one of the basic specialties that forms most tests performed in a routine medical laboratory operation. Hematology tests are one of the most performed diagnostic tests across the globe. The increased research and development have resulted in various diagnostic insights from studying blood. Blood components are seen as markers for various healthcare conditions. This scope is increasing, and many rare blood-related disorders also can be identified using simpler hematology tests. This is driving the demand for new hematology innovations in the market.

Peptides are a selective, efficacious, and unique class of molecules that bind to specific cell surface receptors, triggering intracellular effects. They are short chains of amino acids linked by a peptide bond. Although they are molecularly poised between small molecules and proteins, peptides have distinctive therapeutic and biochemical properties. They represent an attractive first step in developing novel therapeutics across different areas, including oncology, metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, endocrine, neurology, and other disorders. For decades, researchers have endeavored to comprehend intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) as they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states. The development of constrained peptides exhibits an emerging approach that addresses challenging PPIs.

All substances are toxic above a certain dose. Appropriate doses make the difference between poisons and medicines. According to Paracelsus, no drug is completely safe or effective under all circumstances, but it is moral that the manufacturers involved take appropriate steps to ensure optimal quality, safety, and efficacy. It is legally expected. Regulatory operations serve as a roadmap for the development of prescription drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Regulations focus on harmonization with international regulations, new drug applications, good manufacturing practices, quality system compliance, documentation requirements, clinical trial exceptions, expedited status, advisory board procedures, and other compliance issues.

病毒载体是细胞治疗及基因治疗（Cell & Gene Therapy,CGT）等新兴疗法所使用的主要基因载体工具。

PB-ROE模型在低值耗材类公司中的适用性：PB-ROE是价值型投资策略的一种，在熊市和振荡市有较好的选股胜率，尤 其适用于接近成熟期的行业选股。全球范围内低值耗材行业产品成熟，行业发展周期长，行业内公司竞争格局稳定，整体 规模增速在高个位数，生命周期偏成长后期或接近于成熟期，适用于PB-ROE的选股策略，PB-ROE模型也更易从可比公 司中找到相对低估值的标的。

双特异性抗体可以同时特异性结合两种抗原或一种抗原不同表位，通过其作 用方式，可实现单特异性抗体无法实现的功能，且有望解决单靶点耐药、安 全性不足等潜在问题。

核心部件高壁垒构筑高集中格局，上游国产化加速突破。从全球格局看影像行业头部垄断特征显著，医学影像设备属于为数不多的高垄 断高集中度细分子行业，根据西门子2018年公布数据，GPS医疗（GE、Philips、Siemens）三家份额全球占比68%以上，在高端的 Advanced Therapies CR3更是高达80%。产业链纵向看，全球关键核心部件大多集中在GPS及少数第三方厂商手中，目前仅少数国产 整机厂商及第三方上游部件商实现自研自产，高端产品核心零部件绝大部分依赖进口，上游的垄断造就全球影像设备高度集中的格局。 产业链对比看，国产替代中游整机先行，上游核心部件国产厂商技术替代滞后。国内厂商盈利薄、成长慢、中低端的原因几何？国内整 机生产过程更多为组装集成，高采购成本压缩国内影像企业空间，采购受限制约高端化，中低端加速竞争，进一步弱化公司盈利能力， 国产企业打破GPS垄断及提高盈利的关键一环就是核心部件的突破甚至创新。国内以联影医疗为代表的整机厂商正跨越集成阶段，国产 第三方部件厂商也逐步形成对影像供应链的赋能，加速布局上游核心部件，实现核心部件（如CT探测器、球管、高压发生器、超导磁 体、超声换能器等）的加速突破。