2012 年全球铸件产量在超过2008 年衰退前水平一年后达到了1 亿多吨，比2011 年增加2.3%。全球铸件总产量在经历了2009 年的急速下滑后，用了两年多的时间恢复到经济衰退前的水平。

在全球铸件产量中，灰铁件占46%（4600 万t），球铁件占25%（2520 万t），有色金属铸件占 17%（1710 万t），铸钢件占11%（1130 万t）。球铁件产量与2011 年相比小幅攀升，依然占总产量的四分之一。

Brazing is defined as the process of joining two metals by deploying a filler metal such as a brazing alloy. In the brazing process, the filler metal is heated to slightly above its melting point and allowed to flow through capillary action between the two base metals that need to be joined. This process is normally undertaken by using a controlled atmosphere called a flux. The flux is used to prevent, dissolve, or remove oxides that are formed during the brazing process. Brazing is similar to soldering, except that the melting point of the filler metal used in brazing is above 842 degrees fahrenheit while the melting point of that used in soldering is below 450 degrees centigrade.

Metal casting is a manufacturing process in which molten or liquid metal is poured into a mold made of sand, metal, or ceramic that contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape to form geometrically complex parts. All major metals can be made into castings and the most common ones are iron, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, steel, and copper-based alloys. Metal casting find its application in cars, trucks, planes, trains, mining and construction equipment, oil wells, pipes, toys, space shuttles, wind turbines, nuclear plants, and more.

Metal working fluids are oils that are used to cool and lubricate metal work pieces when they are subject to processes such as machining, grinding, and milling. Metal working fluids reduce the heat and friction between the cutting tool and the work piece, and prevent burning and smoking. Metal working fluids also enhance the quality of the work piece by constantly removing the metal chips from the tool used, and from the work piece. There are generally four product segments of metal working fluids: Removal Fluids, Forming Fluids, Protection Fluids, and Treating Fluids.

Packaging, in broad terms, refers to the technology of enclosing a product for the purpose of storage, distribution, sale, and use.

高纯氧化铝这种具有优良理化性质的精细化工产品在国内外发展速度相对之快。到目前为止，科学研究领域对它的定义还不能达成统一意见，大部分人认同高纯氧化铝是指纯度在4N以上而且颗粒均匀的超细粉体材料这一说法。高纯氧化铝因其具有较高的纯度、均匀细小的粒度，较大的比表面积和很好的热稳定性、力学性能而被广泛应用到许多高尖端科技领域，例如:高级陶瓷材料、催化剂、生物医疗、防护材料、半导体材料等等诸多领域。高纯氧化铝中的痕量杂质元素大多以氧化物的形式存在于氧化铝中，例如:Na2O、K2O、SiO2、Fe2O3、MgO、CuO、CaO等等。由于杂质元素的存在会严重影响了高纯氧化铝的物化性质，如:铁杂质元素的存在会使用氧化铝制备的发光材料的发光性能下降，钠和硅会分别导致氧化铝烧结瓷体介质损耗和烧结性能下降，以及氧化镁和氧化钙含量增多会使氧化铝减少等等，从而使高纯氧化铝无论是在使用范围还是使用环境方面大大受限。因此，各国的科研工作者对如何制备高纯氧化铝的工艺越来越重视。本文介绍了高纯氧化铝几种主要的制备方法中的纯化工艺，对各种工艺的优缺点进行了比较分析有利于更为先进技术的产生及应用。

聚碳酸酯(PC)为无定形态聚合物，韧性好，在较宽的温度范围内具有优良的刚性、抗冲击性和尺寸稳定性，但PC的熔体黏度大，流动性、耐溶剂性、耐磨性差，缺口冲击强度低；而丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)的性能介于工程塑料和通用塑料之间，具有良好的耐冲击性能和成型加工性能。PC/ABS合金兼有ABS和PC的优点，既具有良好的成型流动性能又有较高的热变形温度。与PC相比，PC/ABS合金降低了熔体黏度，改善了加工性能，并大大提高了产品耐应力开裂性能；与ABS相比，PC/ABS合金提高了耐热性和耐候性。PC/ABS合金可用于制造汽车仪表板及其它部件、汽车内部饰件和汽车外饰件等。PC，ABS的分子链中均含有大量的苯环结构，PC的溶解度参数为39.8-41.0(J·cm-3)1/2，ABS的溶解度参数为40.2-41.9(J·cm-3)1/2，两者比较接近，说明PC与ABS具有一定的相容性。但实际应用中仍然存在性能不稳定、接缝强度低等缺陷。为了有效地改善界面的相容性，提高PC/ABS合金的力学性能，在其共混体系中加入增容剂。 采用苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(SAG-002)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯-有机硅组成共聚物(S-2001)为增容剂对PC/ABS进行改性研究，对PC/ABS合金材料的力学性能、热性能进行分析讨论。