报告从政策环境、市场行情、厂商动态、科技研发、国际资讯、行业数据、分析评论等几个方面对医药行业进行了分析评论.

报告从医药行业事件分析、竞争环境、竞争对手、行业数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces the mass and density of bones, which results in an increased risk of fracture. The risk of a fracture occurring increases because of the increased permeability of the bones.

Infertility is a widespread problem. In male infertility, the male fails to impregnate his female partner after a year of unprotected sex. Male infertility could be the result of factors such as: Low sperm production Abnormal sperm function Blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm Hormonal disturbances, physical problems, or psychological problems can cause male infertility. In most cases, there are no obvious signs or symptoms of infertility. About 20 percent of all infertility cases are caused by male factors. Despite the scarcity of medicines to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options exist.

The pharmaceutical wholesale and distribution process involves the storage as well as the movement of pharmaceutical products from manufacturing plants to wholesalers,hospitals/clinics, or patients.

Although most prostate cancers are initially responsive to androgen ablation therapy, they become treatment resistant as tumor cells develop mechanisms to evade the treatment. Early knowledge of the androgen receptor dysfunctions will help in patient stratification for emerging therapeutic strategies. We proposed an approach for monitoring potential dysfunctions of the androgen receptor by measuring expression of a panel of genes directly regulated by androgen receptor. We examined human prostate cancer tissues (surgery or diagnostic biopsy specimens) at early stages of the disease and matched with longitudinal follow up data. Within the first reporting period we have completed the quality control of detecting PSA/KLK3, PMEPA1, NKX3.1, ODC1, AMD1 and TMPRSS2-ERG genes in VCap cell culture model monitoring kinetic and dose response to androgen. In the second reporting period we have completed the qRT-PCR evaluation of in 77 patients by monitoring ERG, PSA, PMEPA1 and GAPDH levels. Also, we have completed the evaluation of 40 whole mounted sections of RP specimens by immunohistochemistry assessing AR, ERG, NKX3.1 and PSA proteins and compared the results to corresponding GeneCHip mRNA expression levels from the same tumor foci. The result indicated remarkable accuracy of the androgen regulated gene expression at mRNA levels performed better in prediction favorable outcomes in tumors with well differentiated morphology. By the completion of the proposed research we will provide a quantitative index of AR dysfunction for enhancing prognostic accuracy and to stratify patients for specific therapeutic approaches at early stages of prostate cancer treatment.

In living organisms, many processes are executed through tightly regulated networks of multi-component macromolecular complexes. Knowledge of structure and dynamics of such assemblies is essential to understanding their biological mechanisms. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a prime method for studying macromolecular assemblies, at atomic-level resolution, particularly in systems that are insoluble and lack long-range order. In this report, we review the contemporary magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR methods for investigation of proteins assemblies. We describe the progress in multidimensional correlation spectroscopy, recoupling, and decoupling techniques. We discuss emerging methods for recording spectra at MAS frequencies of 40 kHz and faster. We review techniques for sensitivity enhancement and fast data collection. We address isotopic labelling approaches to alleviate spectral congestion, facilitate assignments, and highlight specific intra- and intermolecular interactions. Finally, we present recent case studies on exciting and challenging systems, including assemblies of bacterio-phages and HIV-1 proteins, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, gas vesicles, type Ⅲ secretion system, and protein-RNA complexes.