二战后日本采用出口导向型经济的发展模式，一度取得良好效果。但进入80年代， 日本与美国的贸易摩擦越来越频繁，美国多次在汽车、半导体、电信、金融等领域 对日本展开制裁，由于过度依赖美国市场，日本被迫妥协，自愿限制出口，外循环 主导的经济模式难以为继。为了应对这一问题，日本经济政策开始从“贸易立国” 向“技术立国”转变，经济开始切换到内循环为主，外循环为辅的模式。

Over the years, the influence of missiles in modern warfare strategies have increased, and countries have started emphasizing on preserving missile systems in their armory. Following the theory of deterrence and mutually-assured destruction, countries are procuring and developing more lethal cruise missiles having high speeds and ranges. From a strategic perspective, the possession of such lethal missiles will help the countries in keeping their potential adversaries at bay. Compared to ballistic missiles, cruise missiles are cheaper, more mobile, and more versatile. In addition, their low probability of interception due to their unpredictable flight path and and changeable trajectory, coupled with their capability to stay close to the ground evading a majority of radar systems, are some of the reasons for their increased preference for a variety of missions.

Directed energy weapons (DEWs) is largely defined as those weapons which produce high power beam of concentrated energy in the form of electromagnetic, atomic, and sub-atomic particles, which is used to damage or destroy objects or eliminate human adversaries. Directed energy weapon systems are primarily classified into three technologies: high-power laser, high-power microwave and neutral particle beam. High power laser technology contributed 88.68% of market share in 2019, but the growth of high-power microwave technology is expected to be high due to the inexpensive development and operation cost as compared to high power lasers. Moreover, neutral particle beam technology is currently in the theoretical stage and adequate research is needed for further development of the prototype.

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